經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀:你聽說過“疫苗護(hù)照”嗎 ?
據(jù)商務(wù)部網(wǎng)站報(bào)道,歐盟擬就推行"疫苗接種護(hù)照"問題展開討論,2021.1.26期經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上有一篇文章就講到了這個(gè)問題,今天帶大家一起來讀一讀,譯文僅供參考。"疫苗護(hù)照"爭論由來
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據(jù)商務(wù)部網(wǎng)站報(bào)道,歐盟擬就推行"疫苗接種護(hù)照"問題展開討論,2021.1.26期經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上有一篇文章就講到了這個(gè)問題,今天帶大家一起來讀一讀,譯文僅供參考。
01"疫苗護(hù)照"爭論由來
原文:THE RACE to vaccinate against covid-19 is on. More than 50 countries have given more than 68 million jabs. That is not much of a dent in the global population of more than 7 billion but it is enough to invigorate a debate about whether people who have been vaccinated should be permitted to move around more freely.
參考譯文:新冠疫苗接種競賽正在上演。全球50多個(gè)國家已經(jīng)給超過6800萬人接種了疫苗。對于全球70多億人來說,這并沒有帶來太大影響,但足以引發(fā)一場爭論:已接種疫苗人士是否應(yīng)享有更大的出行自由。
1. 注意介詞搭配?!母傎?,……的競爭,是the race to do something。例如the race to secure global energy resources爭奪全球能源資源的競爭。
2. 固定搭配:vaccinate against表示接種……疫苗。vaccinate against covid-19即接種新冠疫苗。如果是給多少人接種新冠疫苗,可以說vaccinate somebody against covid-19,比如cnn報(bào)道上這句:
The Trump administration aimed to vaccinate 20 million Americans against Covid-19 by the end of 2020 but fell short of that goal even at the end of the term.
同義詞是inoculate,這個(gè)也可以說inoculate somebody/some animal against,如柯林斯詞典例句:
His dogs were inoculated against rabies.
他的狗注射過狂犬疫苗。
3. 固定表達(dá):something be on表示……正在進(jìn)行,……正在上演,……已經(jīng)開始。舉個(gè)例子:
一場爭著和作家簽約的比賽正在進(jìn)行。
"正在進(jìn)行"就可以用be on來表示,這句話可以寫為:
A race is on to sign up authors.
也可以寫為A race to sign up authors is on.
4. 一詞多義:jabs美[d??bz],它可以表示"刺;戳;攻擊;猛擊",在這里意思是" 注射;接種"。注意動(dòng)詞搭配是give。給多少人接種了疫苗就可以說give +數(shù)字jabs。
疫苗注射還可以用dose這個(gè)詞,表示"一劑"。來看英國天空新聞(Sky News)報(bào)道,這句話用了被動(dòng),數(shù)字+coronavirus vaccine doses have been given to +數(shù)字+people,它是這么說的:
More than 2.6 million coronavirus vaccine doses have been given to almost 2.3 million people, the health secretary has said.
再比如the sun報(bào)道中這句:
The UK has given more vaccine doses than the rest of Europe combined – with 2.6 million jabs handed out.
這句話中more than ... combined意思是"比……總和還要多",這個(gè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀:火遍全球!抖音海外版TikTok引發(fā)了爭論| 外刊雙語中就有見到,復(fù)習(xí)一下:
The app was downloaded more than 750 million times in the past 12 months, more than Facebook plus its sister services, Instagram and WhatsApp, combined.
過去12個(gè)月,這款應(yīng)用已累計(jì)下載超過7.5億次,比Facebook、Instagram和WhatsApp這三款社交應(yīng)用的總和還多。
5. 固定句型:dent表示凹陷,削弱,在今天這里表削弱。
That is not much of a dent in something可以當(dāng)作一個(gè)固定句型來記,意思是"對/相對……而言,……沒有太大影響;不會(huì)對……產(chǎn)生多大影響",有一個(gè)類似短語叫作not make much of a dent,
再比如"美國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率將不足3%,還不足以對失業(yè)率產(chǎn)生太大影響"就可以說:
The United States will grow by less than three percent, not enough to make much of a dent in unemployment rates.
6. invigorate美[?n?v?ɡ?re?t] a debate about:表示引發(fā)了爭論,引發(fā)了關(guān)于……的討論,使?fàn)幷摶钴S起來。也可以說invigorate conversation about。
7. who have been vaccinated是定語從句,修飾people,people who have been vaccinated指已接種疫苗人士。
8. move around表示四處走動(dòng)。move around freely這里指的是自由出行。
"疫苗護(hù)照"的現(xiàn)實(shí)要求
原文:Some businesses will be completely hamstrung this year, without vaccination passports. These include cruise ships, airlines and restaurants.
參考譯文:如果沒有"疫苗護(hù)照",一些企業(yè)今年將完全陷入癱瘓,包括游輪公司、航空公司和一些餐館。
1. hamstrung 美[?h?mstr??],它是hamstring的過去分詞形式,表示"使無能為力;使陷入癱瘓;使不能正常工作;受限;受挫",舉個(gè)金融時(shí)報(bào)上的例子:
美國和歐元區(qū)的形勢有所不同:它們的財(cái)政部陷入了癱瘓。
The situation in the US and the eurozone is different: Treasuries are hamstrung.
2. 專業(yè)說法:vaccination passports專業(yè)的說法是"疫苗接種護(hù)照"或"疫苗護(hù)照"。
如商務(wù)部網(wǎng)站:1月18日報(bào)道,歐洲理事會(huì)主席查爾斯?米歇爾在接受荷蘭電視臺(tái)采訪時(shí)表示,在本周四舉行的視頻峰會(huì)上,歐盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將討論是否應(yīng)該推行"疫苗接種護(hù)照"。也可以叫vaccine passports。
3. These指代第一句的some businesses。
4. cruise ships是固定表達(dá),指游輪,大型游輪。
原文:Governments seem unlikely to refuse entry completely to people without vaccination passports, but they are likely to impose additional conditions, such as a recent negative covid test, and even quarantine in a hotel.
參考譯文:各國政府似乎不太可能完全拒絕沒有"疫苗接種護(hù)照"的人入境,但他們可能會(huì)施加一些額外條件,例如最近提出的新冠檢測陰性證明,甚至是在酒店隔離。
1. 固定表達(dá):refuse entry to somebody表示拒絕某人進(jìn)入,如refuse entry to foreign experts,拒絕外國專家進(jìn)入。其中entry在這里表示入境。
2. impose additional conditions表示施加額外條件。如果后面有somebody或something,介詞是on,impose ... on是固定搭配;additional conditions指額外條件,附加條件。
3. 新冠檢測陰性證明是a negative covid test,反過來,陽性是positive。
某人新冠檢測陽性可以說somebody has tested positive for the virus,注意介詞搭配是for還可以說have a positive test result。
4. quarantine 美[?kw??r?nti?n]:這個(gè)見過很多次了,表示隔離。
政府面臨的挑戰(zhàn)
原文:Governments face more challenges. Prioritizing who gets the vaccine first, ensuring it reaches everyone reasonably equitably and reassuring the vaccine-sceptical are all politically tricky—particularly if being vaccinated provides benefits, such as freedom of movement or more secure employment, that others do not get.
參考譯文:政府面臨更多挑戰(zhàn)。確定優(yōu)先接種疫苗人群,確保疫苗公平送到每個(gè)人手上,讓疫苗懷疑論者放心,這些都是政治上的棘手問題。如果接種疫苗能給某些人帶來他人沒有的好處,比如可以自由出行,或者可以找到更穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)墓ぷ?,那這些問題將會(huì)更加棘手。
1. 第二句句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:Prioritizing,ensuring和reassuring三個(gè)并列作主語,所以是are;
that others do not get是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾的是benefits,即provides benefits that others do not get;中間的such as表示舉例,也是對benefits進(jìn)行舉例。
2. 句子改寫:Prioritizing是prioritize的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,表示確定優(yōu)先次序。Prioritizing who gets the vaccine first也可以寫為Prioritizing who will be vaccinated first。
3. 熟詞偏義:reach常見的有"到達(dá);抵達(dá);夠得著;聯(lián)系"等含義,在這里表示范圍,具體含義根據(jù)語境確定。
reach somebody可以表示某人可獲得;某人可以接觸到;某人可以聽見;覆蓋到某人,例如:
它具有覆蓋每個(gè)在線用戶的潛力。
英文可以說:
Potentially it could reach everyone who is online.
原文reaches everyone就相當(dāng)于be accessible to everyone。如msn上這句:
The government is preparing for making the vaccine accessible to every Indian as soon as it is made available.
4. reasonably equitably中,reasonably是副詞修飾equitably,表示"過得去地,適度地,尚可地",不是"合理地"。舉個(gè)例子:Im a reasonably proficient driver. 我開車的技術(shù)還算不錯(cuò)。
5. the vaccine-sceptical是the+adj的用法,表示一類人,指疫苗懷疑論者,即拒絕接種或拒絕給孩子接種的人。-sceptical表示懷疑的,懷疑論的。
6. 固定表達(dá):freedom of movement是固定表達(dá),指行動(dòng)自由。和最前面見到的move around freely意思相近。
7. 固定表達(dá):secure employment表示穩(wěn)定的工作。secure在這里是形容詞,意思是"穩(wěn)定的,可靠的",
注意employment是不可數(shù)名詞,但是job是可數(shù)名詞,如一份穩(wěn)定的工作還可以說a secure job;
secure也可以作動(dòng)詞,表示"(尤指通過努力)獲得;取得"。
比較一下金融時(shí)報(bào)上的這兩句話:
Like last year, China is expecting more than 7 million university graduates to enter the workforce this year, and many will struggle to find secure employment.
像去年一樣,中國今年預(yù)計(jì)有七百多萬大學(xué)畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入職場,許多人都在努力尋找一份穩(wěn)定的工作。
Graduates of North American schools, predominantly looking for work in that region, found it hardest to secure employment within three months of graduation.
北美商學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生主要在北美地區(qū)尋找工作,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)畢業(yè)3個(gè)月內(nèi)最難找到工作。
可能帶來的問題
原文:Passports are also likely to create a generational divide, as most countries are vaccinating the old first. Many young people have had to restrict their lives a great deal in the past year, largely to protect the older generation. Those who cannot be vaccinated for health reasons, such the immunocompromised, may feel aggrieved at their relative confinement.
參考譯文:"疫苗接種護(hù)照"也可能造成代際差異,這是因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)國家都優(yōu)先給老人接種疫苗。在過去一年里,許多年輕人不得不大大地限制自己的活動(dòng),這主要是為了保護(hù)老年人。那些由于健康原因而不能接種疫苗的人(如免疫功能低下的人)可能會(huì)感到委屈,因?yàn)橄啾榷运麄兊纳罡臃忾]。
1. 專業(yè)表達(dá):a generational divide指代際差異,指的是年輕一代與老一代人之間的差異。2016年6月四級(jí)真題中就出現(xiàn)過這個(gè)短語:
When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesnt seem to be a clear generational divide.
當(dāng)你審視人們對于無人駕駛小轎車的態(tài)度時(shí),似乎并沒有明顯的代際差異。
2. as most countries are中的as表示原因。
3. 注意區(qū)別:a great deal是副詞,表示許多,很,它修飾的是動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語,這句話中a great deal修飾的是restrict。比如詞典上這句:
He has matured a great deal over the past year.
經(jīng)過過去這一年,他成熟了許多。
4. largely to表示原因,可以表示"主要是為了",舉個(gè)例子:
亞洲交易所正與本地區(qū)以外的競爭對手展開合作,主要目的是獲得技術(shù)和營銷知識(shí)。
"主要目的是"就可以用largely to來表示,整句話可以寫為:
Asian exchanges are forging links with rivals outside the region, largely to gain technological and marketing knowledge.
5. 同義表達(dá):the old和the older generation在這里都表示老年人,還可以說old folks。這個(gè)在發(fā)表40周年紀(jì)念會(huì)上的講話中就見過,原句是:
在這歡度新年的時(shí)刻,我們更加想念自己的親骨肉——臺(tái)灣的父老兄弟姐妹。
On this happy occasion as we celebrate New Year’s Day, our thoughts turn all the more to our kith and kin, our old folks, our brothers and sisters, in Taiwan.
6. for ... reasons表示出于某方面原因,for health reasons意思就是"出于健康原因"。
7. immunocompromised英[?mj?n??k?mpr?m?st]:adj. 免疫功能低下的;免疫功能受損的。
8. 翻譯思維:their relative confinement字面意思是他們相對的隔離,但是這樣翻譯不通順,可以翻譯為動(dòng)態(tài)的小句子:相比而言他們的生活更加封閉。
9. 固定表達(dá):feel aggrieved意思是感到不平,感到委屈。At引出原因。
舉個(gè)例子:
如果時(shí)間就是金錢的話,墨西哥的工人可能會(huì)感到委屈,因?yàn)樗麄儾坏貌欢喙ぷ鲀蓚€(gè)小時(shí)才買到同樣的DVD。
"感到委屈"就可以用今天這個(gè)feel aggrieved,整句話金融時(shí)報(bào)上是這樣說的:
If time is also money, then workers in Mexico, who had to work an extra two hours to buy the same DVD, would probably feel aggrieved.