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經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀:“人人影視字幕組”涼了|雙語

2.19經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上有一篇文章恰好就講到了這個(gè)話題,這篇文章的標(biāo)題叫作China’s campaign against film piracy is upsetting Hollywood fans。against film piracy就是打擊盜版電影的意思了~

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  人人影視字幕組14人被抓,涉案金額超1600萬!網(wǎng)友炸了!

  2.19經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上有一篇文章恰好就講到了這個(gè)話題,這篇文章的標(biāo)題叫作China’s campaign against film piracy is upsetting Hollywood fans。against film piracy就是打擊盜版電影的意思了~

  再來看一下副標(biāo)題,The end is nigh for online "translation groups" that make bootleg Western films accessible to millions,這句知識(shí)點(diǎn)還蠻多的。

  先看句子結(jié)構(gòu),這句主干是The end is nigh for online "translation groups";that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾online "translation groups";

  nigh美[na?]這個(gè)詞本意是"即將發(fā)生;接近地",be nigh意思就是"不遠(yuǎn);已近;即將到來"。

  The end is nigh指末日不遠(yuǎn)了,快涼了。例如:The end of the world may be nigh, but do we really care?世界末日可能不遠(yuǎn)了,但我們真的在意嗎?

  bootleg美[?bu?tleɡ],在這里是形容詞,表示非法制造販賣的,比如a bootleg cassette 非法錄制的盒式磁帶。

  接下來我們看看全文,做了大概的單詞解析和難點(diǎn)解析,在公眾號(hào)"高齋外刊雙語精讀"上分享給大家看看。英文是完整版的,不過有一句不適合發(fā)這里,就刪掉了。時(shí)間倉促,有不足之處,大家多包涵!

  第一段:For a generation of young Chinese, American television shows like "The Big Bang Theory", "Breaking Bad" and "Sex and the City" were their first taste of life in the West. Growing up with limited English inside China’s "great firewall", millions of them watched pirated versions online, with the help of subtitles produced by volunteers. Many of the translators were Chinese students, both in China and at universities abroad. They provided their skills for little reward, except the glory of an on-screen credit, to streaming services that allowed free access or offered super-cheap subscriptions. Being accepted into such firms’ "translation groups" was a badge of distinction. Standards were high and competition for membership was fierce. It will not be in future, however.

  參考譯文:對(duì)中國(guó)年輕一代來說,《生活大爆炸》《絕命毒師》和《欲望都市》等美國(guó)電視劇讓他們第一次接觸到西方生活。在中國(guó)的"防火長(zhǎng)城"內(nèi),數(shù)百萬年輕一代從小就沒接觸到多少英語影視作品,他們借助志愿者制作的字幕在網(wǎng)上觀看盜版視頻。許多字幕翻譯人員都是來自國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外大學(xué)的中國(guó)學(xué)生。他們向那些允許用戶免費(fèi)觀看或提供超低價(jià)訂閱服務(wù)的流媒體服務(wù)公司提供翻譯,除屏幕上的署名權(quán)帶來的榮譽(yù)外,幾乎沒什么報(bào)酬。獲準(zhǔn)加入這類公司的"翻譯組"是一種優(yōu)秀的表現(xiàn)。加入字幕組要求很高,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈。不過,以后不會(huì)了。

  1. one’s first taste of:表示第一次……;初次接觸到;第一次體驗(yàn)。比如金融時(shí)報(bào)上這句:

  It was his first taste of media intrusion as a scrum of photographers camped outside his house.

  看著一大群攝影記者在他家外面安營(yíng)扎寨,這是他第一次體會(huì)到媒體侵?jǐn)_的感覺。

  2. 固定搭配:growing up with sth表示伴隨著……長(zhǎng)大,在……環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大。也可以說growing up doing,在年輕人,你愿意背負(fù)沉重的房貸嗎?| 外刊精讀和英語寫作中我們提到了高齋CATTI沖刺班第9期19年11月CATTI二筆真題,其中就有這么一句:

  作為看漫畫長(zhǎng)大的80后一代,熱愛傳統(tǒng)民居建筑的毛葛想到了通過漫畫形式向人們介紹傳統(tǒng)民居,希望讓更多人看到傳統(tǒng)民居建筑的美并加入到保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)民居的行列,引起更多人尤其是年輕人對(duì)這一學(xué)科的興趣。

  這句話中的"看漫畫長(zhǎng)大"就可以用grew up reading comics來表示。

  3. growing up是狀語

  4. limited English這里其實(shí)可以具體指英語影視作品有限。5. "great firewall"翻譯為"防火長(zhǎng)城"。如新華網(wǎng)報(bào)道:美媒稱防火長(zhǎng)城助中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)繁榮。

  6. 固定表達(dá):pirated versions表示"盜版"。

  7. subtitles:表示"字幕",通常用復(fù)數(shù)。

  8. 第四句句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這句主干是They provided their skills for little reward to streaming services;except the glory of an on-screen credit是對(duì)little reward的補(bǔ)充說明,是插入語;that allowed free access or offered super-cheap subscriptions是streaming services的定語從句。

  9. 固定表達(dá):an on-screen credit是固定表達(dá),指的是"字幕中的署名權(quán)"。它和a screen credit是一個(gè)意思,比如詞典上這句:

  They got a small piece of the net profits and a screen credit.

  他們得到了一小部分純利潤(rùn)以及電影演職人員字幕中的署名權(quán)。

  10. 熟詞偏義:allowed在這里是熟詞偏義,表示"使成為可能",可以和access搭配。

  柯林斯詞典上就有類似的例句:

  A ramp allows easy access for wheelchairs.

  坡道便于輪椅進(jìn)出。

  今天這里allow free access其實(shí)是省去了不言而喻的for users,所以翻譯為允許用戶免費(fèi)觀看。

  11. a badge of:badge美[b?d?]本意是勛章,標(biāo)志,象征,a badge of表示是……的標(biāo)志/象征/代名詞。如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人例句:

  In a land where intellectuals are still cherished, publishing a book is a badge of seriousness.

  在一個(gè)知識(shí)分子仍受敬重的國(guó)家,出版一本書籍則是一種嚴(yán)肅性的象征。

  12. It will not be in future, however:這句是承前啟后的句子。前一句說要加入字幕組要求高,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,這句說It will not be in future,下面段落肯定就會(huì)說為什么It will not be in future,具體就會(huì)談到這個(gè)字幕組被關(guān)。

  第二段:On February 3rd 14 people from China’s largest such streaming firm, Renren Yingshi (meaning "everyone’s movies and shows"), were arrested in Shanghai for alleged copyright infringements. Since then, many other such outfits have gone underground or disbanded. For many internet users, this has been a sad moment. On social media they bade farewell to what they described as something irreplaceable: entertainment free of the dead hand of China’s censors, and with far more accurate subtitles than most officially approved content.

  參考譯文:2月3日,中國(guó)此類流媒體公司的龍頭人人影視(意為"分享給所有人的電影和節(jié)目")有14人因涉嫌侵犯著作權(quán)在上海被捕。之后,許多其他同類公司已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)入地下或是解散。對(duì)許多用戶來說,這真是一個(gè)悲傷的時(shí)刻。在社交媒體上,他們向自己口中不可替代的東西道了別:人人影視字幕組提供的影視作品沒有經(jīng)過中國(guó)審查機(jī)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)苛審查,而且字幕翻譯也比大多數(shù)官方審查后的影視作品更精準(zhǔn)。

  1. arrest sb for表示因……逮捕某人。被動(dòng)是sb. be arrested for,for表示原因。

  2. alleged美[??led?d]:adj. 表示"涉嫌的"。如the alleged bribe涉嫌賄賂。再比如華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)這句:

  Having arrested its captain for alleged obstruction of official duties, Japan says it is handling his case according to its domestic law.

  在以涉嫌妨礙公務(wù)為由抓捕了中國(guó)漁船船長(zhǎng)后,日本方面表示,要遵照日本國(guó)內(nèi)法處理此案。

  3. 熟詞偏義:outfits和前面的services一樣,都表示公司。

  4. 固定表達(dá):bade farewell to意思是"告別;道別"。

  5. entertainment:這里指娛樂節(jié)目,影視作品。

  6. free of ... 表示"免于……;沒有……"。

  7. 語法分析:entertainment free of the dead hand of China’s censors, and with far more accurate subtitles than most officially approved content是解釋what they described as something irreplaceable的;what they described as something irreplaceable是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,作bade farewell to的賓語。

  8. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn):注意,free of the dead hand of China’s censors與with far more accurate subtitles than most officially approved content并列,都是在修飾entertainment。

  一般如果官方引進(jìn)電影,都會(huì)進(jìn)行審查或刪減,但是人人影視字幕組上的影視作品沒有進(jìn)行刪減,而且我們都知道人人影視字幕組的一些字幕翻譯確實(shí)堪稱神翻譯,比大多數(shù)官方審查后的影視作品的字幕翻譯要好。

  第三段:Demand for Renren Yingshi’s offerings was fuelled by tight supply. China is one of four regions without Netflix: the others are North Korea, Syria and Crimea. Even though it is one of the fastest growing film markets, China approves only a few foreign films for screening in cinemas each year. It is possible to watch some foreign shows on officially approved streaming sites. But they are heavily censored—so much so in the case of "Game of Thrones" that the plot is hard to follow. Such restrictions helped to turn translation-group services into big operations. Police in Shanghai said Renren Yingshi had produced more than 20,000 television shows for its 8m registered users.

  參考譯文:國(guó)外影視作品在國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)不足,人們對(duì)人人影視上作品的需求得到了提振。中國(guó)是世界上禁用Netflix的四個(gè)國(guó)家之一,其他三個(gè)分別是朝鮮、敘利亞和克里米亞。盡管中國(guó)是增長(zhǎng)最快的電影市場(chǎng)之一,但它每年只批準(zhǔn)少數(shù)幾部外國(guó)電影在電影院放映。當(dāng)然還可以在官方認(rèn)可的流媒體網(wǎng)站上觀看一些外國(guó)電影。但這些影片的內(nèi)容往往被大量刪減,拿《權(quán)力的游戲》來說,情節(jié)刪減太多導(dǎo)致觀眾很難看懂。諸如此類的限制推動(dòng)字幕組翻譯服務(wù)變成了大型業(yè)務(wù)。上海警方表示,人人影視已經(jīng)為其800萬注冊(cè)用戶制作了2萬多部影視作品。

  1. offerings在這里表示"劇作;作品"。比如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人這句:Alfa brought over seven cars from its museum in Milan, but none of its current offerings.阿爾法從他在米蘭的博物館帶來了七件珍藏,但卻沒有展出其現(xiàn)在的作品。

  2. screening的動(dòng)詞原形是screen,在這里表示"放映(電影)等"。舉個(gè)例子:The movie had been panned by critics; at a recent public screening in the New York area, the crowd booed at the end.

  影評(píng)人士對(duì)這部影片嗤之以鼻,不久前在紐約地區(qū)公開放映時(shí),觀眾最后噓聲一片。

  3. are heavily censored:被大量刪減。censored在這是被刪減的意思。

  4. 語法分析:But they are heavily censored—so much so in the case of "Game of Thrones" that the plot is hard to follow這部分,so much so ... that是一起的;in the case of表示舉例。

  5. the plot:情節(jié)。

  6. translation-group services:字幕組翻譯服務(wù)。這里services不是公司,而是服務(wù)。

  7. big operations:大業(yè)務(wù)。怎么"大"?下一句中的數(shù)字more than 20,000 television shows for its 8m registered users就可以說明業(yè)務(wù)之大。

  第四段:Renren Yingshi’s popularity is evident in the debate that still surrounds it on Weibo, a Twitter-like platform. Posts with hashtags relating to the clampdown have garnered more than a billion views. In one of them, Yan Feng of Fudan University in Shanghai said the subtitling effort had been one of Chinese history’s great translation projects, on a par with a drive to render Western literature into Chinese in the 19th century. Uncensored foreign films and shows will remain accessible to Chinese viewers with foreign-language skills and software that can scale the great firewall. But most people are unlikely to try. Netizens have been sharing the poetic Chinese term, lindong jiangzhi. It is one that subtitling enthusiasts have used to translate a phrase made famous by "Game of Thrones": winter is coming.

  參考譯文:人人影視的受歡迎度在微博上圍繞它展開的爭(zhēng)論中可見一斑。封禁人人影視相關(guān)話題的帖子瀏覽量已經(jīng)超過了10億。在其中一個(gè)帖子里,復(fù)旦大學(xué)教授嚴(yán)鋒表示,字幕翻譯是中國(guó)歷史上一項(xiàng)偉大的翻譯活動(dòng),可與19世紀(jì)人們將西方文學(xué)翻譯成中文的運(yùn)動(dòng)比肩。中國(guó)觀眾仍然可以觀看未經(jīng)審查的外國(guó)電影和節(jié)目,但得懂外語,還得有fanq軟件。但大多數(shù)人可能不太會(huì)去嘗試。許多網(wǎng)友都在分享一個(gè)充滿詩意的中國(guó)詞語:"凜冬將至"。字幕愛好者曾用它來翻譯《權(quán)力的游戲》中的一個(gè)短語"winter is coming",這個(gè)短語也因此劇成名。

  1. clampdown美[?kl?mpda?n]:n. 嚴(yán)禁,制止,取締(非法活動(dòng))。

  2. garnered美[?ɡɑ?rn?rd]:原形是garner,表示"獲得;得到;收集"。

  我們經(jīng)常說話題閱讀量或話題瀏覽量,英語該怎么說呢?其實(shí)有很多種說法,最常見的就是view當(dāng)動(dòng)詞,即be viewed ... times。

  view也可以當(dāng)名詞,views表示瀏覽量,常見搭配是accumulate/log/attract/gain+數(shù)字+views,比如這段對(duì)《哪吒》的介紹:

  "Ne Zha" fever quickly spread on social media following its release, with the films title soon becoming one of the hottest hashtags on Chinas Twitter-like Weibo on the opening day, accumulating/logging more than 1.5 billion views and around a million posts.

  《哪吒》上映后迅速在社交媒體上走紅,上映當(dāng)天很快成為微博熱門話題,話題閱讀量超15億,相關(guān)帖子約100萬。

  瀏覽量還可以用今天這個(gè)garner+數(shù)字+views表示。

  3. 固定搭配:on a par with意思是與……相當(dāng),與……一樣,與……比肩,與……相媲美。比如金融時(shí)報(bào)這句:

  An economy that in the 1960s had a per capita income on a par with sub-Saharan Africa is now snapping at the heels of Britain and France.

  一個(gè)在上世紀(jì)60年代人均收入還與撒哈拉以南非洲不相上下的國(guó)家,如今已經(jīng)緊隨英國(guó)與法國(guó)之后。

  4. a drive to do sth:drive在這里是名詞,表示有組織的努力,運(yùn)動(dòng)。如the governments drive to reduce energy consumption政府為減少能源消耗而發(fā)起的運(yùn)動(dòng)。將西學(xué)翻譯為中文我們一般稱之為"翻譯運(yùn)動(dòng)"。

  5. 一詞多義:render sth into意思是將……譯成某種語言。

  6. Chinese viewers with foreign-language skills and software ...這部分,with修飾的是viewers,表示具備,有。7. 熟詞偏義:scale在這里是動(dòng)詞,表示翻過,翻越。scale the great firewall簡(jiǎn)單來說就是我們平時(shí)所說的"翻qiang"。

  8. 最后一句句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:It is one that subtitling enthusiasts have used to translate a phrase made famous by "Game of Thrones": winter is coming這句中,It is one that不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉It is that不影響句意,但這里不行。

  這里it指lindong jiangzhi,that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,修飾的是one,指的是term。

  9. 凜冬將至:英語Winter Is Coming,是電視劇《權(quán)力的游戲》第一季第一集,同時(shí)也是北方史塔克家族(House Stark of Winterfell)的家族族語

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地址:沈陽市和平區(qū)中華路121甲號(hào)SOHO新天地1420室? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ?地址:沈陽市皇姑區(qū)長(zhǎng)江南街3號(hào)韓國(guó)新城公寓樓1-12-24室?
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遼ICP備15003273號(hào)-2