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原文選自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人2021.7.3期
文章用途：泛讀
Youth culture: Giving up, lying down
Some young Chinese are fed up and opting out of the rat race
參考譯文：年輕人的文化：放棄，躺平
中國一些年輕人厭倦了，正選擇退出激烈競爭
第一段：Two vegetarian meals each day. A monthly budget of 200 yuan ($30). Working just one or two months a year. In April an internet user posted this brief description of his simple, stress-free life. He described his philosophy as tangping, or "lying flat". "I can be like Diogenes, who slept in his wine cask in the sun," he wrote. He included a photo of himself doing an appropriate job: playing a corpse in a film.
參考譯文：一天只吃兩頓素餐，一個月預(yù)算200元（約合30美元），一年只工作一兩個月。今年四月，一位網(wǎng)友發(fā)帖就這樣簡短描述了自己簡單且毫無壓力的生活，他將自己的生活哲學(xué)定義為"躺平"。他在網(wǎng)上寫道："我可以像第歐根尼一樣，睡在自己的酒桶里曬太陽。"他還曬出了一張自己工作的照片，他在做一份適合自己的工作：在電影中扮演死尸。
【背景】取自百度百科
第歐根尼：古希臘哲學(xué)家，犬儒學(xué)派的代表人物，活躍于公元前四世紀(jì)。他強(qiáng)調(diào)禁欲主義的自我滿足，他認(rèn)為除了自然的需要必然滿足外，其他的任何東西，包括社會生活和文化生活，都是不自然的，無足輕重的。
他居住在一只木桶內(nèi)，過著乞丐一樣的生活。哲學(xué)家第歐根尼常常在大白天也點著燈走路。每當(dāng)人們詫異地問他時，便回答說："我正在找人。"這是在諷刺當(dāng)時社會上沒有一個真正配得上"人"這一稱呼的有德行的人。
亞歷山大帝來到科林特市時拜訪了這位哲學(xué)家，并且對他說："你可以向我請求你所要的任何恩賜。"爬進(jìn)了自己所住的酒桶，正在曬太陽的第歐根尼說："靠邊站，別擋住我的陽光。"
他感嘆："我若不是亞歷山大的話，我愿是第歐根尼。"
第二段：The post went viral. On social media, people showed their approval of tangping by sharing pictures of themselves (and, often, their cats) lying in bed. More than 60% of over 240,000 respondents to a poll on Weibo, a Twitter-like platform, said tangping was their idea of the good life. On the site, messages with the hashtag "illustrations of young people lying flat at home" have attracted about 200m views.
參考譯文：這條帖子迅速走紅。人們紛紛在社交平臺上分享自己（通常還有貓）躺在床上的照片來表達(dá)自己對"躺平"的認(rèn)可。24萬多人參加了微博上的一個投票，超過60%的受訪者認(rèn)為"躺平"就是他們心中的美好生活。"躺平青年居家圖鑒"這一微博話題的瀏覽量約有2億次。
第三段：Tangping describes a longing to escape the pressures of modern life in China, where young people are expected to work long hours, buy property, get married and have children. Many people in their 20s and 30s grumble that hard work no longer rewards them with a better quality of life. They have adopted an academic term, neijuan or "involution", to describe how extra input no longer yields more output. Unlike their parents, who enjoyed a booming economy, they feel that society is stagnating and inequality growing.
參考譯文："躺平"表達(dá)了一種逃避現(xiàn)代生活壓力的渴望。在中國，人們期望年輕人加班、買房、結(jié)婚、生子。許多二三十歲的年輕人都抱怨努力工作并不能提升生活質(zhì)量。他們用"內(nèi)卷"這一學(xué)術(shù)術(shù)語來形容超額投入不再帶來更多產(chǎn)出。與曾趕上了經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的父母那輩不同，年輕一代感覺社會停滯不前，不平等日益加劇。
【單詞】
stagnate v. 停滯，不發(fā)展
Many Americans are seeing their living standards stagnate, but the gap between most of them has not changed all that much.
很多美國人眼見自己的生活水平停滯不前，但是他們之中的貧富差距并沒有劇烈變化。
第四段：Other ways of expressing this mood have also become common. One is sang, or "dejected": many young people now talk of the spread of a "sang culture" in China. They refer to "Buddhist youth", meaning those who are never disappointed since they want nothing. Some young Chinese call themselves chives, harvested or exploited by firms. As they point out online, it is difficult to harvest chives when they are lying flat.
參考譯文：其他表達(dá)這種情緒的方式也很常見。其中一個就是"喪"文化：現(xiàn)在很多年輕人都在談?wù)?喪"文化在中國的傳播。他們還提到了"佛系青年"，指那些因無欲無求而從不會感到失望的人。一些年輕人還將自己稱作韭菜，被公司無情剝削和收割。正如他們在網(wǎng)上所說，一旦韭菜躺平，就很難收割了。
段落分析：這段說了其他三種表達(dá)這種情緒的方式："喪"文化、"佛系青年"、韭菜。
第五段：Struggle is an art, he told young officials. "We must be good at struggle." Tangping, therefore, conveys a whiff of dissent. A popular online comment suggested that tangping had come to mean opting out, with defiance: "Lying flat is standing up, horizontally. Lying flat is having a backbone."
參考譯文：他告誡年輕官員："斗爭是一門藝術(shù)，要善于斗爭。"因此，"躺平"傳達(dá)出一絲異議。網(wǎng)上有條熱評這樣寫道，躺平意味著主動退出，還不屑地說道："躺平也是站立，只是橫著而已，而且躺平背部還有依靠。"
【單詞】
whiff of sth 一點點，些許（輕微的跡象或感覺）
第六段：State media have been swift to weigh in. "The only way to ensure a happy life is if one works hard," said a commentary in one newspaper. Lying flat is "not only unjust but also shameful", it added. An academic from Tsinghua, an elite university in Beijing, described tangping as "an extremely irresponsible attitude that not only disappoints one’s parents but also hundreds of millions of taxpayers". Posts about his remarks have been viewed more than 400m times on Weibo. The platform still allows tangping-related discussions. But Douban, another social-media site, has banned several online groups promoting the concept. Only one—for those who have returned to the rat race—remains accessible: The Standing Up After Lying Flat Mutual Support Alliance.
參考譯文：官方媒體迅速加入辯論。一家報紙這樣評論道："確保幸福生活的唯一途徑就是努力工作。"它還說，躺平不僅"不正義，而且可恥"。清華大學(xué)的一名學(xué)者認(rèn)為躺平是"極不負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度，對不起父母，還對不起億萬個努力工作的納稅人"。有關(guān)該言論的微博帖子瀏覽量已達(dá)4億次。目前人們?nèi)匀豢梢栽谖⒉┥线M(jìn)行躺平相關(guān)話題的討論，但是豆瓣（另一家社交媒體網(wǎng)站）上已經(jīng)封禁了相關(guān)話題小組。只有一個相關(guān)小組可以發(fā)言，面向那些回歸激烈競爭的人，小組叫"躺平后起立互助聯(lián)盟"。