經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀:你有外貌焦慮嗎?
俗話說,愛美之心人皆有之。其實(shí),現(xiàn)在不少人有外貌焦慮,總覺得自己長得不好看,其中有一部分人就希望通過整容讓自己變得更年輕(stay young)、更好看,從而提升自信。
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俗話說,愛美之心人皆有之。其實(shí),現(xiàn)在不少人有外貌焦慮,總覺得自己長得不好看,其中有一部分人就希望通過整容讓自己變得更年輕(stay young)、更好看,從而提升自信。
2021年5月8日經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上有一篇文章,叫Nipping and tucking。這篇文章大概框架是先引出整容手術(shù),再提到了整容市場有多大,還提到了整容風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章最后一段指出盡管有風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但是整容行業(yè)前景樂觀。
原文:Hannah tang, a company manager in Beijing, first went under the knife when she was 18. The surgeon made an incision across each of her eyelids, then stitched folds of skin back to transform her monolids into "double eyelids". The result was eyes that look bigger, rounder, and in Ms Tang’s opinion, more beautiful. Now 35, Ms Tang (not her real name) has since had two more eyelid surgeries, as well as botox injections in her neck and monthly non-invasive "skin booster" treatments. "Pretty much everyone I know around me has had fillers or surgery," she says.
參考譯文:唐漢娜(化名)是北京一家公司的經(jīng)理,她第一次進(jìn)行整容手術(shù)是在18歲。整形外科醫(yī)生在她的兩只眼皮上各做了一個(gè)切口,再縫合皮膚皺褶,把她的單眼皮變成了"雙眼皮"。手術(shù)后,她的眼睛看起來更大更圓了,在唐女士看來,也更漂亮了。此后,唐女士(現(xiàn)35歲)又做了兩次雙眼皮手術(shù),在頸部注射了肉毒桿菌,每個(gè)月還要接受無創(chuàng)"水光針"治療。她說:"我周圍認(rèn)識(shí)的人幾乎都植入過填充物或做過整容手術(shù)"。
第一句:Hannah tang, a company manager in Beijing, first went under the knife when she was 18.
唐漢娜(化名)是北京一家公司的經(jīng)理,她第一次進(jìn)行整容手術(shù)是在18歲。
1. 人名的翻譯:后面提到 (not her real name),所以我們需要加上"(化名)"。
2. 固定表達(dá):go under the knife的意思是"動(dòng)手術(shù);開刀",很形象吧。比如我們經(jīng)??匆娦侣剤?bào)道說一些人為了整容千里迢迢跑到國外,就可以像經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人這樣表達(dá):More people are going under the knife abroad. 越來越多的人在海外開刀。
"動(dòng)手術(shù)"還可以說undergo surgery,have surgery,have an operation,比如柯林斯詞典例句:他去年動(dòng)過大手術(shù)。He underwent major surgery last year.
為了讓他斷裂的韌帶愈合,他的膝蓋必須動(dòng)一次大手術(shù)。He must have a major operation on his knee to mend severed ligaments.
今天這篇文章中提到了幾個(gè)關(guān)于具體整容手術(shù)的表達(dá),大家可以積累一下。首先是have eyelid surgeries割雙眼皮手術(shù)。
"have/start botox injections (in +身體部位)"表示在某個(gè)身體部位注射肉毒桿菌,注意介詞用的是in。
nose job指鼻子整形手術(shù)。如柯林斯詞典例句:Ive never had plastic surgery, though people always think Ive had a nose job. 我從沒整過容,雖然人們一直以為我做過鼻子整形術(shù)。常見的還有a boob job隆胸,當(dāng)然隆胸手術(shù)還可以說breast augmentations。如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人例句:
In February Gao Liu, an actress, shared shocking pictures on social media of her botched nose job. It resulted in the tissue on the tip of her nose dying and turning black. 今年2月,女演員高溜在社交媒體上分享了其鼻子整形失敗的照片,令人震驚。整形失敗的后果是她的鼻尖組織壞死變黑。
In America breast augmentations are the most popular procedure, although in 2020, the year of Zoom, more Americans fixed their noses than their breasts. 隆胸是美國最受歡迎的整形手術(shù),盡管在廣泛使用Zoom的2020年,更多美國人選擇去整鼻子而不是去隆胸。
第二、三句:The surgeon made an incision across each of her eyelids, then stitched folds of skin back to transform her monolids into "double eyelids". The result was eyes that look bigger, rounder, and in Ms Tang’s opinion, more beautiful.
整形外科醫(yī)生在她的兩只眼皮上各做了一個(gè)切口,再縫合皮膚皺褶,把她的單眼皮變成了"雙眼皮"。手術(shù)后,她的眼睛看起來更大更圓了,在唐女士看來,也更漂亮了。
1. surgeon 美 [s?rd??n] 作為名詞意思是"外科醫(yī)生",比如《牛津詞典》例句:He is reputed to be the best heart surgeon in the country. 他號(hào)稱是這個(gè)國家最好的心臟外科醫(yī)生。
surgery表示"外科手術(shù)",比如"整形手術(shù)"就是plastic surgery,用于矯正視力的激光手術(shù)就是laser surgery。還有醫(yī)院設(shè)立的外科就是surgery department。
另外,這里再區(qū)分一下幾個(gè)跟"醫(yī)生"有關(guān)的詞:我們常說的doctor泛指各科醫(yī)生;physician一般指內(nèi)科醫(yī)生;dentist指專門從事治牙的醫(yī)生;而今天這里用的surgeon往往指專修外科或?qū)P奕梭w某個(gè)部分的外科??漆t(yī)生,這種醫(yī)生一般需對(duì)患者進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療。
2. 固定表達(dá):incision 美 [?ns??(?)n] 作為名詞意思是"切開;割口;(尤指手術(shù)的)切口"。make an incision表示"劃下一刀;切開",比如紐約時(shí)報(bào)在描述一個(gè)手術(shù)場景時(shí)就用到了這個(gè)表達(dá):
The next thing she knew, she felt the blade of his knife against her belly as he made his first incision, leading to excruciating pain. 接著,她感覺到醫(yī)生劃下第一刀,刀刃抵住了她的肚子,然后是一陣劇疼。
3. stitch 美 [st?t?] 作為名詞可以表示"縫;針腳;縫法;針法",比如"十字繡"就是cross stitch。
還可以表示"肋部突然的疼痛(多由奔跑或笑引起);岔氣",比如我們和朋友一起跑步的時(shí)候岔氣了,就可以說Can we slow down? Ive got a stitch. 我們慢一點(diǎn)好不好?我岔氣了。
stitch作為動(dòng)詞可以表示"縫;縫補(bǔ);縫合(傷口)",比如柯林斯詞典例句:The surgeon would pick up his instruments, probe, repair, and stitch up again. 外科醫(yī)生會(huì)拿起器械進(jìn)行探查、修復(fù),然后再縫合。
這個(gè)單詞還可以引申為拉近,stitch sb closer together也可以說bring sb closer together,比如紐約時(shí)報(bào)在報(bào)道兩國通過訪問拉近彼此之間的關(guān)系時(shí)是這樣說的:During his two-day visit, the governments agreed to 33 projects designed to stitch the two countries closer together. 為期兩天的訪問期間,兩國政府商定了33個(gè)旨在進(jìn)一步拉近兩國距離的項(xiàng)目。
順便再復(fù)習(xí)一下這個(gè)例句中agree to表示"同意;接受;商定"的用法,如我在《雙語完整版:《小舍得》火爆!補(bǔ)習(xí)班、虎媽、教育改革 | 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀》這篇文章中講過的句子:They must also agree to spot inspections. 輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)還必須同意接受現(xiàn)場檢查。
Stitch還可以引申為"修復(fù)",比如金融時(shí)報(bào)描述威尼斯恢復(fù)城市生機(jī)時(shí)就用到了這個(gè)詞:These pint-sized projects stitch Venice back into a living city. 這些小項(xiàng)目將威尼斯重新修復(fù)為一個(gè)生機(jī)勃勃的城市。
4. transform sth into sth表示"將……轉(zhuǎn)換為……",比如我們提倡把廢棄的塑料"變廢為寶",就是transform the environmental nuisance into something useful。
transform her monolids into "double eyelids"也可以說turn her monolids into "double eyelids"。
5. monolid的意思是"單眼皮"。mono-前綴表示"單個(gè)的",lid表示"眼瞼"。
以mono-為前綴的常見詞匯有:monologue"獨(dú)白",monogamy"一夫一妻制",monopoly"壟斷",比如《牛津詞典》例句:The company has a virtual monopoly in this area of trade. 這家公司實(shí)質(zhì)上已經(jīng)壟斷了這種貿(mào)易。
還有形容詞monotonous表示"單調(diào)的",比如高齋外刊精讀翻譯班中的回譯練習(xí):
人工智能和機(jī)器人技術(shù)將提高生產(chǎn)率,刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,并把人們從最單調(diào)的工作中解放出來。AI and robotics would boost productivity and economic growth, and free/liberate people from the most monotonous tasks.
"單調(diào)的工作"既可以說monotonous tasks,也可以用humdrum tasks或tedious tasks。
6. 注意時(shí)態(tài):The result was eyes that look bigger, rounder, and in Ms Tang’s opinion, more beautiful:也可以說The result was that eyes look bigger, rounder, and in Ms Tang’s opinion, more beautiful. 大家發(fā)現(xiàn)沒?The result was是過去時(shí),表示當(dāng)時(shí)手術(shù)的結(jié)果。但是look bigger是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而不是過去時(shí),因?yàn)?5歲的唐女士現(xiàn)在的眼睛還是這樣的。
7. bigger, rounder:逗號(hào)連接兩個(gè)形容詞。我在《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀:沙塵暴來襲,天空變成了橘黃色》中講過逗號(hào)可以連接兩個(gè)形容詞,一起來回顧下金融時(shí)報(bào)這句:
Counterfeiters refill the old bottles with new, inferior moutai for resale at exorbitant prices. 造假者在舊瓶中裝入新的次等茅臺(tái)酒,以高價(jià)重新銷售。
還比如《H&M越級(jí)碰瓷,新疆棉花不吃這套!| 外媒報(bào)道》中的這句:The spotless white Xinjiang cotton brooks no slander. The region is well known for its premium, long-fiber cotton, which is popular in domestic and global markets.
第四、五句:Now 35, Ms Tang (not her real name) has since had two more eyelid surgeries, as well as botox injections in her neck and monthly non-invasive "skin booster" treatments. "Pretty much everyone I know around me has had fillers or surgery," she says.
此后,唐女士(現(xiàn)35歲)又做了兩次雙眼皮手術(shù),在頸部注射了肉毒桿菌,每個(gè)月還要接受無創(chuàng)"水光針"治療。她說:"我周圍認(rèn)識(shí)的人幾乎都植入過填充物或做過整容手術(shù)"。
1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:Now 35, Ms Tang (not her real name) has since had two more eyelid surgeries, as well as botox injections in her neck and monthly non-invasive "skin booster" treatments:Now 35是狀語,有時(shí)候也見放在主語后。has since had是完成時(shí),因?yàn)閟ince是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞。
two more eyelid surgeries,botox injections in her neck和monthly non-invasive "skin booster" treatments并列,都是had的賓語。
2. non-invasive是形容詞invasive加上了否定前綴non-,表示"非侵害的;非創(chuàng)傷的;無創(chuàng)的",比如紐約時(shí)報(bào)的這句:Her practice, in New York, focuses on noninvasive treatments for natural anti-aging results. 她在紐約開設(shè)的診所專注于無創(chuàng)治療,以達(dá)到自然抗衰老的效果。
invasive可以表示"侵入的;侵襲的",比如入侵物種就是invasive species;也可以表示"有創(chuàng)的;切入的;開刀的",比如柯林斯詞典例句:Many people find the idea of any kind of invasive surgery unbearable. 許多人覺得任何一種開刀手術(shù)都是難以忍受的。
invasive對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞是invade,可以表示"侵略",比如我們回顧歷史會(huì)發(fā)出提問:When did the Romans invade Britain? 古羅馬人是何時(shí)侵略英國的?
還可以表示"侵犯",invade ones privacy和violate one’s privacy就表示侵犯隱私,如果想描述媒體侵犯個(gè)人隱私,就可以這樣說:The press invade peoples privacy unfairly and unjustifiably every day. 媒體每天都在不公平也沒有正當(dāng)理由地侵犯人們的隱私。
3. 專業(yè)表達(dá):skin booster是專業(yè)表達(dá),指水光針。水光針是專門幫助恢復(fù)皮膚水份的柔軟型玻尿酸針劑。它可以微妙地改善皮膚狀況,減少細(xì)紋和毛孔;水光針還可以用來改善凹凸不平的痘坑。
因?yàn)檫@篇文章講的是整容,所以skin booster翻譯為水光針。如果是作為化妝品名詞,skin booster可以翻譯為爽膚水。
4. 固定表達(dá):Pretty much everyone表示幾乎所有人,如浙江高考真題中這個(gè):Pretty much everyone you know acts differently. 幾乎每個(gè)你認(rèn)識(shí)的人的行為都變得不一樣了。
唐女士說"我周圍認(rèn)識(shí)的人幾乎都植入過填充物或做過整容手術(shù)",你認(rèn)識(shí)的朋友有多少做過整容手術(shù)呢?我認(rèn)識(shí)的朋友有幾個(gè)做過雙眼皮手術(shù),其他的我沒聽過。
我膽子小,任何手術(shù)的東西都不敢嘗試,皮膚差就差點(diǎn)吧,臉大就大點(diǎn)吧!O(∩_∩)O哈哈~不過,body positivity(the fact of feeling good about your body and the way it looks)很重要,同時(shí)我們拒絕body shame(to criticize someone based on the shape, size, or appearance of their body)!
今天就分享這么多!希望大家喜歡,多點(diǎn)贊多分享!