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湯加火山爆發(fā)和海嘯造成"毀滅性"影響，災(zāi)情仍不明朗

In Volcano’s Aftermath, an Agonizing Wait for Tonga News

NATASHA FROST

2022年1月18日

Two days after a colossal volcanic eruption spawned a tsunami that struck the island nation of Tonga, severed communication lines left Tongans around the world waiting anxiously for news of their loved ones, while aid agencies and the country’s Pacific neighbors struggled to assess the scale of the damage.

一場巨大的火山爆發(fā)引發(fā)的海嘯襲擊了島國湯加，兩天后，通訊線路依然中斷，世界各地的湯加人都在焦急地等待他們所愛之人的消息，救援機(jī)構(gòu)和湯加的太平洋鄰國也在努力評估損失。

On Saturday night, an undersea volcano about 40 miles north of Tonga’s main island belched ash, gas and steam more than 12 miles into the air, creating a cloud of sulfur dioxide over the region, sending particles drifting across the island and disabling a crucial submarine internet cable. It was believed to be the largest volcanic eruption in three decades, with the shock wave traveling thousands of miles.

周六晚上，位于湯加主島以北約64公里的一座海底火山向空中噴出超過19公里的火山灰、氣體和蒸汽，在該地區(qū)上空形成一片二氧化硫云，顆粒物在島上飄浮，并使一條重要的海底互聯(lián)網(wǎng)電纜癱瘓。這被認(rèn)為是30年來最大的一次火山爆發(fā)，其沖擊波傳播了數(shù)千公里。

Hours later, Tonga, a country of around 100,000 people, was pummeled by a tsunami. Waves of up to four feet hit Nuku’alofa, the Tongan capital. Footage shared in the final moments before the internet connection was cut showed people running inland, searching desperately for higher ground in a very flat country.

數(shù)小時(shí)后，人口約10萬的湯加遭到海嘯襲擊。高達(dá)1.2米的海浪襲擊了湯加首都努庫阿洛法。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接被切斷前的最后時(shí)刻分享的視頻顯示，人們跑向內(nèi)陸，在這個(gè)非常平坦的國家拼命尋找高地。

The volcano, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, erupted again on Monday but did not trigger a tsunami warning. Tonga sits along the Pacific "Ring of Fire," a series of fault lines where earthquakes and volcanic activity are frequent.

這座名為洪阿湯加·洪阿哈阿帕伊的火山周一再次噴發(fā)，但沒有觸發(fā)海嘯預(yù)警。湯加位于太平洋"火山帶"，也就是一系列地震和火山活動頻繁的斷層帶。

Fatafehi Fakafanua, the speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga, was able to send out a message on social media on Monday, describing the tsunami’s impact as "devastating" and noting that the fall of volcanic ash had affected many areas of the country.

湯加立法會議長法塔菲?！しǚㄅ⒅芤辉谏缃幻襟w上發(fā)布信息，稱海嘯的影響是"毀滅性的"，并指出火山灰的降落影響了該國的許多地區(qū)。

"The full extent of the harm to lives and property is currently unknown," he said. "What we do know is that Tonga needs immediate assistance to provide its citizens with fresh drinking water and food."

"目前還不清楚生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)所遭受的全面損害，"他說。"我們所知道的是，湯加需要緊急援助，為居民提供新鮮的飲用水和食物。"

The loss of most communications, as well as a lingering ash cloud that had reached some 63,000 feet high, have made it difficult for the outside world to get a picture of the situation in Tonga.

由于大部分通訊被中斷，高達(dá)1.9萬余米的火山灰云揮之不去，使得外界難以了解湯加的情況。

Both Australia and New Zealand sent surveillance flights to the country on Monday. The United Nations said its agencies were standing by to send emergency supplies to Tonga but were awaiting information about what was needed.

周一，澳大利亞和新西蘭都向該國派出了偵察機(jī)。聯(lián)合國表示，其下屬機(jī)構(gòu)已準(zhǔn)備好向湯加運(yùn)送緊急物資，但仍在等待有關(guān)所需物資的信息。

"We don’t have a clear picture," Stéphane Dujarric, a U.N. spokesman, told reporters in New York. "I don’t think anyone has a clear picture. And that’s what everybody, I think, is, first of all, scrambling to get exactly: the clarity of information so we can dispatch the right kind of aid."

"我們不了解情況，"聯(lián)合國發(fā)言斯特凡·杜亞里克在紐約告訴記者。"我認(rèn)為沒有人清楚地了解。我認(rèn)為，最首要的是，所有人都在爭先恐后地獲取準(zhǔn)確、清晰的信息，這樣我們才能派遣正確的援助。"

Mr. Dujarric said that the United Nations had 23 staff members in Tonga — all but one of them Tongans — and that "all were accounted for," correcting an earlier statement that no U.N. workers were in the country. The organization’s offices for the region are in Fiji, which is about 500 miles to the northwest.

杜加里克說，聯(lián)合國在湯加有23名工作人員，除一人外，其余都是湯加人，而且"所有人都已找到下落"，這糾正了早些時(shí)候關(guān)于聯(lián)合國沒有工作人員在湯加的聲明。聯(lián)合國在該地區(qū)的辦事處位于西北方向約800公里外的斐濟(jì)。

Based on information gathered by the Australian surveillance flight, the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported significant infrastructure damage on Tongatapu, the main island, particularly to property in the western beaches region.

根據(jù)澳大利亞偵察機(jī)收集到的信息，聯(lián)合國人道主義事務(wù)協(xié)調(diào)辦公室報(bào)告稱，主島湯加塔普的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，尤其是西部海灘地區(qū)的房屋。

There was "particular concern" about two small low-lying islands from which there had been no contact and on which just more than 100 people live. "An active distress beacon had been detected from Mango," the report said, referring to one of the islands.

有兩個(gè)低洼的小島"特別令人關(guān)切"，這兩個(gè)小島與外界一直沒有聯(lián)系，島上只有100多人居住。"從芒果島偵測到一個(gè)活躍的求救信號，"報(bào)道稱，芒果島是其中一個(gè)島嶼。

The information vacuum left thousands of overseas Tongans to make do with piecemeal videos — of waves buffeting the shore, or of families sheltering under tables below a dark sky — that were shared through the island’s few satellite links.

這種信息真空導(dǎo)致數(shù)以千計(jì)的海外湯加人只能得到通過島上為數(shù)不多的衛(wèi)星連接分享的零散視頻——海浪拍打著海岸，黑暗的天空下，一家人躲在桌子底下。

The organizations with access to these communications, including the New Zealand High Commission, have filled in some of the blanks, though many people were still waiting desperately for news.

新西蘭高級委員會等能夠接觸到這些信息的組織填補(bǔ)了一些空白，然而許多人仍在急切地等待消息。

Siniva Valu Filise, who lives in Wales, where her husband played professional rugby, is worried about her parents, 73 and 66, whose home is on the western side of Tonga.

西尼瓦·瓦盧·菲里斯住在威爾士，丈夫是威爾士的職業(yè)橄欖球運(yùn)動員。她很擔(dān)心自己的父母，他們的年齡分別為73歲和66歲，住在湯加西部。

A friend with a connection to the Tongan military was able to briefly confirm in a message that her parents were safe, she said.But she is unsure about their access to clean drinking water and food after the eruption left the layer of ash across the country.

她說，一位與湯加軍方有聯(lián)系的朋友在短信中簡短地確認(rèn)了她父母的安全。但她不確定他們是否能獲得干凈的飲用水和食物，因?yàn)榛鹕奖l(fā)在全國各地留下了一層火山灰。

"We feel so helpless," she said. "Just watching from afar, we can’t even do anything."

"我們感到很無助，"她說。"只能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地看著，我們什么都做不了。"

She added: "It’s been two days now. It’s just so hard, trying to hold on to that glimmer of hope."

她還說："現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)兩天了。想要抓住一線希望，真是太難了。"

Two people have been reported missing, according to the United Nations, and at least one person died in the tsunami. Angela Glover, a British woman who had lived in Tonga for about five years, was swept away while trying to save her dogs, according to video footage. Her husband, James, survived by holding on to a tree.

據(jù)聯(lián)合國報(bào)道，已有兩人失蹤，至少一人在海嘯中喪生。視頻顯示，在湯加生活了大約五年的英國女子安吉拉·格洛弗在救她的狗時(shí)被海浪卷走。她的丈夫詹姆斯緊緊抓住一棵樹活了下來。

Ms. Dowling, who had volunteered with Ms. Glover in Tonga, was also waiting for news from a different friend who runs a resort, with whom she normally speaks daily. "I pretty much ring her every hour or so, but nothing’s happening," she said. "It’s just impossible at the moment."

道林和格洛弗一起在湯加當(dāng)過志愿者，她還在等待另一個(gè)朋友的消息，那個(gè)朋友經(jīng)營一家度假村，兩人通常每天都會通話。"我?guī)缀趺扛粢恍r(shí)就給她打電話，但什么也沒有發(fā)生，"她說。"目前這個(gè)時(shí)候完全打不通。"

Tongans overseas have organized prayer circles and vigils to support one another as they await word.

海外湯加人組織了祈禱會和守夜活動，在等待消息時(shí)互相支持。

"I’ve just been talking to friends, organizing prayer vigils and stuff like that for family and for Tongans overseas who are trying to make connections with family back home," said Mele Makelesi Facci, who lives in Melbourne, Australia, and has not heard from her relatives in Tonga, including a niece who had a baby a few weeks ago.

"我一直在和朋友們交談，為家人和那些試圖與國內(nèi)家人聯(lián)系的海外湯加人組織祈禱守夜活動，以及類似的活動，"住在澳大利亞墨爾本的米利·馬克萊西·法奇說，她一直無法聯(lián)系到湯加的親人，包括她幾周前剛剛生下孩子的侄女。

For Tongan seasonal workers living in Australia, such community and prayer were helping to bridge the gap, she added.

她補(bǔ)充說，對于在澳大利亞從事季節(jié)性工作的湯加人來說，這樣的社區(qū)和祈禱有助于拉近距離。

"They feel helpless. They can’t do anything from here," she said. "Just not being able to be connected, I think it’s the hardest part."

"他們覺得無助。他們在這里什么也做不了，"她說。"他們和親人就是聯(lián)系不上，我認(rèn)為這是最難過的事。"