可穿戴設(shè)備,助力健康檢測(cè)|經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀
可穿戴設(shè)備,助力健康檢測(cè)|經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀_ 新聞資訊_沈陽(yáng)翻譯公司_沈陽(yáng)圣金翻譯有限公司
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大家好,今天給大家分享篇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀,主要講的是可穿戴設(shè)備助力健康檢測(cè)的。
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人原文:Start with early diagnosis. Wearables can detect subtle changes that otherwise go unnoticed, leading to less severe disease and cheaper treatment. Sensors will reveal if an older person’s balance is starting to weaken. People’s gait and arm-swing change in early-stage Parkinson’s. Strength exercise can help prevent falls and broken limbs. Psychiatric diagnosis may be enhanced by tracking patterns of smartphone use—without monitoring what people see or type. A smart ring can help a woman conceive, by predicting her menstrual cycle. It can also detect pregnancy less than a week after conception (many women continue to drink or smoke for weeks before they realise they are pregnant).
參考譯文:先從早期診斷開始說(shuō)起??纱┐髟O(shè)備可以檢測(cè)到原本不會(huì)注意到的細(xì)微變化,從而降低疾病的嚴(yán)重程度及治療費(fèi)用。傳感器將顯示老年人的平衡能力是否開始下降。帕金森病患者早期會(huì)出現(xiàn)步態(tài)和手臂擺動(dòng)方面的變化。力量鍛煉有助于防摔和預(yù)防四肢骨折。通過(guò)追蹤智能手機(jī)的使用模式可以加強(qiáng)精神疾病診斷,無(wú)需監(jiān)控病人瀏覽或輸入的內(nèi)容。智能戒指可以通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)月經(jīng)周期來(lái)幫助女性懷孕,還可以在女性受孕一周內(nèi)檢測(cè)出懷孕(許多女性在意識(shí)到自己懷孕時(shí)已經(jīng)連續(xù)數(shù)周喝酒吸煙了。)
01
第一句:Start with early diagnosis.
先從早期診斷開始說(shuō)起。
1. 固定句型:Start with ...是一個(gè)固定句型,意思是"以……開始,從……入手,先說(shuō)……",后面往往跟的是sth。來(lái)看經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上描述TikTok商業(yè)模式的這幾句話:
Start with the business model. Social-media firms make almost all their money from advertising. This pushes them to collect as much user data as possible, the better to target ads.
先說(shuō)商業(yè)模式。社交媒體公司的收入幾乎全部來(lái)自廣告。這促使它們盡可能多地收集用戶數(shù)據(jù),從而更好地定向投放廣告。
"從……開始,先說(shuō)……"還可以說(shuō)Begin with ...
類似的To start/ begin with表示"首先,一開始",常放在句首。
2.? diagnosis美[?da??ɡ?no?s?s]:名詞,表示"診斷;(問(wèn)題原因的)判斷"。注意它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是diagnoses。比如計(jì)算機(jī)輔助診斷就可以說(shuō)computer-assisted diagnosis,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中就有這么一句:
Patients are growing more comfortable with remote and computer-assisted diagnosis and treatment.
患者也越來(lái)越適應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)程和電腦輔助的診斷與治療。
對(duì)……的診斷是diagnosis of ...比如肺癌的診斷diagnosis of lung cancer。
它的動(dòng)詞形式是diagnose,固定搭配"被診斷為是……(疾?。?是be diagnosed with。比如:被查出肺癌,英文可以說(shuō)diagnosed with lung cancer.
還比如金融時(shí)報(bào)上特朗普被診斷出感染了病毒是這么說(shuō)的:
President Donald Trump was a week ago diagnosed with the disease.
美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德?特朗普于一周前被診斷出感染了該病毒。
02
第二句:Wearables can detect subtle changes that otherwise go unnoticed, leading to less severe disease and cheaper treatment.
可穿戴設(shè)備可以檢測(cè)到原本不會(huì)注意到的細(xì)微變化,從而降低疾病的嚴(yán)重程度及治療費(fèi)用。
1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這句主干是Wearables can detect subtle changes;that otherwise go unnoticed是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾changes;leading to less severe disease and cheaper treatment是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
2. wearables這里是名詞,表示"可穿戴設(shè)備"。舉個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上的例子:
Apple does not release figures for any of its "wearables", but AirPods are the fastest-growing of all of its products, with profit margins above 50%, says Dan Ives of Wedbush Securities, an investment firm.
投資公司W(wǎng)edbush Securities的丹?艾夫斯(Dan Ives)說(shuō),蘋果雖未公布其任何"可穿戴設(shè)備"的數(shù)據(jù),但AirPods是公司所有產(chǎn)品中增長(zhǎng)最快的,利潤(rùn)率超過(guò)50%。
wearable也可以作形容詞,意思是"可穿戴的,適宜穿戴的"。比如美劇臺(tái)詞中常用wearable tech表示"可穿戴設(shè)備",還比如下圖:
再比如,生活中常說(shuō)衣服耐穿,"耐穿"就可以用wearable表示。舉個(gè)例子:
Its fashionable but wearable, and its easy to look after.
它既時(shí)尚又耐穿,而且容易打理。
3. subtle changes:美/?s?tl/ 細(xì)微變化。當(dāng)作固定搭配記下來(lái)。這個(gè)在2016年6月四級(jí)真題中出現(xiàn)過(guò),原句是:
The tests are designed to detect subtle changes in mental function, and involve solving puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.
設(shè)計(jì)這些測(cè)試是為了檢測(cè)腦部功能的細(xì)微變化,其中涉及解謎、回憶故事中的語(yǔ)言和細(xì)節(jié)以及在堆字母和符號(hào)之中找規(guī)律。
還有一個(gè)詞nuance,表示"細(xì)微差別"。例如:
He watched her face intently to catch every nuance of expression.
他認(rèn)真地注視著她的臉,捕捉每一絲細(xì)微的表情變化。
4. 固定表達(dá):go unnoticed意思是"不被注意到,沒(méi)有引起注意,被忽視",相當(dāng)于be not noticed,舉個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上的例子:
Other inequalities go unnoticed. Graduates from rural families are twice as likely to be unemployed as city dwellers.
其他不平等現(xiàn)象則未引起注意。來(lái)自農(nóng)村家庭的畢業(yè)生失業(yè)的可能性是城市人口的兩倍。
5. 固定句型:..., leading to ...可以當(dāng)作一個(gè)固定句型來(lái)記,相當(dāng)于which leads to ...表示影響或結(jié)果,比如金融時(shí)報(bào)上這段分析全球氣溫上升海冰融化帶來(lái)的影響:
The reduction of Arctic sea ice creates a vicious cycle of warming. With less white ice on the ocean’s surface to reflect the sun’s heat, the water temperature rises, leading to even less ice reflecting even less heat — a key reason why the Arctic is warming more than three times faster than the rest of the planet.
北極海冰的減少造成了一個(gè)惡性的變暖循環(huán)。隨著海洋表面能反射陽(yáng)光熱量的白色冰層減少,海水溫度將上升,導(dǎo)致冰層更少,于是反射的熱量也就更少——這就是北極變暖速度比地球其他地方快三倍的關(guān)鍵原因。
這個(gè)句型很常見,比如美劇臺(tái)詞:Eventually they’d have to shutter some schools, leading to overpopulated classrooms.
6. treatment:"治療,診治",是不可數(shù)名詞。如:去醫(yī)院接受治療,可以說(shuō)go to the hospital for treatment。還比如常見的"醫(yī)治,藥物治療"都可以說(shuō)medical treatment。
它也可以表示具體的療法,如各種療法可以寫作various treatments,很多種所以是treatments。
03
第三句:Sensors will reveal if an older person’s balance is starting to weaken.
傳感器將顯示老年人的平衡能力是否開始下降。
1. if表示是否,相當(dāng)于whether,whether ... or not。
2. an older person指"老年人"。注意an在這里不是"一個(gè)"的意思,表示泛指。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀:老齡化會(huì)拖慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)?| 外刊雙語(yǔ)這篇中就提到了很多"老年人"的表達(dá),一起來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)一下:
As the number of elderly people increases, governments may neglect growth-boosting public investment in education and infrastructure in favour of spending on pensions and health care.
此外,隨著老年人口增加,政府可能會(huì)忽視有助于推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的教育及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的公共投資,轉(zhuǎn)而加大養(yǎng)老金和醫(yī)療保健方面的支出。
"老年人"還可以說(shuō)old-age people,senior citizens,the aged,the elderly。
3. balance指"平衡能力"。注意"平衡能力"不要想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為是balance capacity。舉個(gè)例子:
你現(xiàn)在服用的藥物可能會(huì)影響身體的平衡能力。
The medicines you are currently taking could be affecting your balance.
04
第四句:People’s gait and arm-swing change in early-stage Parkinson’s.
帕金森病患者早期會(huì)出現(xiàn)步態(tài)和手臂擺動(dòng)方面的變化。
1. gait:美/ɡe?t/ 名詞,指"步態(tài),步法",英文解釋是way of walking。如:He walked with a rolling gait. 他走起路來(lái)?yè)u搖擺擺。
2. arm-swing:指擺臂,手臂擺動(dòng)/活動(dòng)。它對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是swing arms。比如讓別人把手臂擺動(dòng)起來(lái)就可以說(shuō)swing your arms。再比如《生活的一課》中這句:
石頭路旁有一條小路,弗勞爾斯太太擺動(dòng)著手臂走在前面,小心地躲過(guò)石頭。
There was a little path beside the rocky road, and Mrs. Flowers walked ahead of me, swinging her arms and picking her way over the stones.
3. Parkinson’s:指帕金森氏癥/病,即Parkinson’s disease。舉個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上的例子:
Armed with it, Mr Brin is now in a position to fund and encourage research into this gene in particular, and Parkinsons in general.
有了知識(shí),布林先生現(xiàn)在可以撥出資金、鼓勵(lì)對(duì)這條基因和帕金森氏癥的研究。
05
第五句:Strength exercise can help prevent falls and broken limbs.
力量鍛煉有助于防摔和預(yù)防四肢骨折。
1. 固定表達(dá):strength exercise指"力量鍛煉"。注意strength表示"力量,力氣"的時(shí)候是不可數(shù)名詞。一個(gè)人的"體力"就是physical strength。
2. falls在這里是名詞,表示"摔倒,跌倒"。fall作動(dòng)詞也可以表示摔倒,等同于fall down/over。如:
The woman gripped the shoulders of her man to stop herself from falling.
這個(gè)女人抓住丈夫的肩膀,以免摔倒。
tumble表示大幅動(dòng)作的"跌倒,摔倒",比如"從樓梯上摔下來(lái)"就可以說(shuō)tumble down the stairs。
3. broken limbs可以表示"斷肢,四肢骨折"。"骨折的"可以用broken來(lái)表示,比如"腿部骨折"用英文可以說(shuō)a broken leg。
還比如:他胳膊上有三處骨折。He broke his arm in three places.
06
第六句:Psychiatric diagnosis may be enhanced by tracking patterns of smartphone use—without monitoring what people see or type.
通過(guò)追蹤智能手機(jī)的使用模式可以加強(qiáng)精神疾病診斷,無(wú)需監(jiān)控病人瀏覽或輸入的內(nèi)容。
1. psychiatric美[?sa?ki??tr?k]:adj. 精神病的;精神病學(xué)的。"精神疾病"就是psychiatric illnesses/diseases。還比如,"精神紊亂"psychiatric disorders。
名詞"精神病學(xué)"是psychiatry。
2. track在這里是動(dòng)詞,表示"追蹤,跟蹤"。比如金融時(shí)報(bào)這句跟蹤收入用的就是track這個(gè)詞:
TikTok’s sales are not public but Apptopia, which tracks app revenues, estimates its in-app spending at about $155m this quarter.
TikTok的銷售額并不公開,但跟蹤應(yīng)用收入的Apptopia估計(jì),本季度TikTok的應(yīng)用內(nèi)用戶支出約為1.55億美元。
track也可以作名詞,表示軌道,路線,方向,固定表達(dá)on track意思是"在正確的道路上/正確的方向/正軌,正常推進(jìn)"。比如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上的這個(gè)例子"使……正常推進(jìn)/步入正軌"英文就可以說(shuō)keep ... on track:
Digitisation allowed Pfizer to keep all of its trials on track in 2020.
得益于數(shù)字化手段,輝瑞的所有試驗(yàn)在2020年均保持正常推進(jìn)。
3. type:在這里是動(dòng)詞,意思是"打字"。比如別人問(wèn)你打字有多快,英文就可以說(shuō)How fast can you type?
07
第七、八句:A smart ring can help a woman conceive, by predicting her menstrual cycle. It can also detect pregnancy less than a week after conception (many women continue to drink or smoke for weeks before they realise they are pregnant).
智能戒指可以通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)月經(jīng)周期來(lái)幫助女性懷孕,還可以在女性受孕一周內(nèi)檢測(cè)出懷孕(許多女性在意識(shí)到自己懷孕時(shí)已經(jīng)連續(xù)數(shù)周喝酒吸煙了。)
1. 熟詞偏意:conceive常見的含義是"認(rèn)為,設(shè)想,想出",這里考察的是它的一個(gè)熟詞偏意,意思是"懷孕",相當(dāng)于become pregnant。舉個(gè)例子:
女性在計(jì)劃懷孕之前應(yīng)該戒酒。
英文可以說(shuō):
Women should give up alcohol before they plan to conceive.
2. 固定表達(dá):menstrual cycle美[?menstru?l ?sa?kl],指"月經(jīng)周期"。menstrual意思是"月經(jīng)的"。還比如:月經(jīng)期a menstrual period。單獨(dú)period也可以表示月經(jīng)。如柯林斯詞典中這句:
When did you last have a period ?
你上一次月經(jīng)是什么時(shí)候?
3. pregnancy美[?preɡn?nsi]:名詞,表示"懷孕,孕期,妊娠"。"懷孕期"就是during pregnancy。
它的形容詞是pregnant,表示"懷孕的,妊娠的"。"孕婦"就是pregnant woman,"懷孕"可以說(shuō)be/get pregnant;
懷上第幾胎是get pregnant with ...比如第二胎就可以說(shuō)get/be pregnant with her second child。
還比如金融時(shí)報(bào)上這句:
Measures as simple as vaccinating children and instituting check-ups for pregnant women can save a family.
一些簡(jiǎn)單的措施,如為兒童接種疫苗和建立孕婦檢查制度,可以拯救一個(gè)家庭。
pregnant還有一個(gè)熟詞偏意,意思是"耐人尋味的;意味深長(zhǎng)的;心照不宣的",例如:There was a long, pregnant silence. 當(dāng)時(shí)出現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間耐人尋味的沉默。
固定搭配be pregnant with意思是"充滿,包含,充溢著",例如:
她的沉默里充滿了批評(píng)之意。
英文可以說(shuō):
Her silences were pregnant with criticism.
6. 一詞多義:conception美[k?n?sep?n],這里的意思是"受孕,懷孕"。和pregnancy是同義詞。
conception還可以表示"設(shè)想,構(gòu)想",比如"計(jì)劃構(gòu)思絕妙",可以說(shuō)The plan was brilliant/admirable in its conception,其中its也可以不加。
conception還可以表示概念、看法、意識(shí),同義詞是concept,這個(gè)很常見,如:團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)可以說(shuō)conception of teamwork。
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