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01

cobble together

我們先看外交部官網(wǎng)上這句：And none of the so-called evidence Washington and Ottawa cobbled together has ever held any water. 在美國(guó)和加拿大拼湊的所謂證據(jù)中，沒有一個(gè)是站得住腳的。

1. 這句的主干是none of the so-called evidence has ever held any water，其中Washington and Ottawa cobbled together是evidence的定語從句。在完成時(shí)中ever表強(qiáng)調(diào)。

2. 借代修辭：以首都名稱代指政府或國(guó)家, 這屬于以部分代替整體的借代修辭。比如最新紐約時(shí)報(bào)中這句：The resolution of the criminal charges against Ms. Meng, the daughter of Huawei’s founder, came in the midst of a downward spiral in military, technological and trade competition between Washington and Beijing. 華為創(chuàng)始人之女孟晚舟的刑事指控得以解決，是在美國(guó)與中國(guó)之間的軍事、技術(shù)和貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益陷入惡性循環(huán)之際做出的。

3. 固定表達(dá)：not hold water表示站不住腳，如柯林斯和漢英大詞典中這兩句：This argument simply cannot hold water in Europe. 這個(gè)論點(diǎn)在歐洲根本就站不住腳。His account of the robbery wont hold water. 他對(duì)搶劫案經(jīng)過的陳述漏洞百出。

還比如CATTI和MTI翻碩備考報(bào)告中這句：脫離實(shí)際，抽象地、絕對(duì)地來談?wù)摴駲?quán)利和義務(wù)，不僅在中國(guó)站不住腳，在任何國(guó)家都是站不住腳的。To talk about citizens rights and duties out of reality in an abstract and absolute way does not hold water either in China or in any other country.

4. 一詞多義：今天這里重點(diǎn)講下cobble吧，這個(gè)單詞有很多意思，總結(jié)如下：

A. 作名詞表示鵝卵石。同 cobblestone，如They found Trish sitting on the cobbles of the stable yard. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)翠茜坐在場(chǎng)院的鵝卵石地上。

B. 作動(dòng)詞，表示鋪鵝卵石，那cobbled自然就表示鋪鵝卵石的，如MTI翻碩備考資料張培基散文中這兩句：

說到這里，我們兩人都不約而同地站了起來。沿著草坪旁用卵石鋪成的小徑，走到"北海"跟前。Thereupon, we rose to our feet simultaneously and walked along a cobbled footpath beside the lawn towards the miniature Beihai.

經(jīng)過這一帶森林，前面有一條鵝卵石堆成的斜坡路，兩旁種著整齊的冬青樹，只有肩膀高，一陣陣的青草香，從微風(fēng)里蕩過來，我們慢步的走著，陡覺神氣清爽，一塵不染。Leaving the woods behind, we came to a cobbled slope, on either side of which stood a neat row of shoulder-high evergreens. The aroma of green grass carried over fitfully by the breeze made us instantly feel refreshed.

2014年11月CATTI三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題中這句：Redesigning congested traffic systems to add bike lanes to overcrowded roads is fiendishly difficult, especially in historic cities with narrow cobbled streets like Copenhagen. 為了在擁擠的道路上新增自行車道，需要重新規(guī)劃原本就擁堵不堪的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這相當(dāng)有難度，尤其是在諸如哥本哈根這樣的歷史名城（到處都是狹窄的鵝卵石街道）。

C. 作動(dòng)詞，是 (old-fashioned) 制（鞋）；修補(bǔ)（鞋）to make or repair shoes，對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞是 cobbler，表示鞋匠。當(dāng)然cobbler還可以表示胡說，廢話，同義詞是nonsense，如柯林斯詞典中這句：He said it was all a load of cobblers. 他說那完全是一派胡言。

D. 作動(dòng)詞，表示匆匆拼湊、粗制濫造，經(jīng)常表示貶義，如牛津詞典中這句：The essay was cobbled together from some old notes. 這篇文章是用以前的一些筆記胡亂拼湊而成的。

當(dāng)然，這個(gè)單詞本身是中性詞，如紐約時(shí)報(bào)中這兩句：

Emma, whose mom died when she was 8, says that she "cobbles together" an image of her mother from other people’s memories. 愛瑪?shù)哪赣H在她八歲時(shí)就去世了，她說自己是根據(jù)別人的回憶 "拼湊"了母親的形象。

By Feb. 14, they had cobbled together a new supply chain. It was enough to offer a reduced menu of ready-to-cook noodles and dumplings for delivery, complete with instructions for people to finish the dish at home. (Noodles, she said, are best eaten immediately after being cooked and would suffer unconscionably from the time it would take to deliver them.)

到2月14日，他們湊出了一條新的供應(yīng)鏈，可以提供一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化的菜單——送貨上門的面條和餃子，還配有指導(dǎo)，讓人們?cè)诩依锿瓿蛇@道菜。（她說，面條最好在煮出來馬上就吃，送面時(shí)間它就慢慢變坨了。）

turn sth upside down

我們?cè)倏疵贤碇郢@釋后發(fā)表的這段英文演講：

Over the past three years, my life has been turned upside down. It was a disruptive time for me as a mother, a wife, and a company executive.

過去三年我的生活天翻地覆，作為一名母親、妻子和公司主管，這對(duì)我來說是一段灰暗的時(shí)間，

1. 固定表達(dá)：turn sth upside down表示把……顛倒過來，如漢英詞典中這句：If you turn the envelope upside down, the key will fall out. 你如果把信封倒過來，鑰匙就會(huì)掉出。

被動(dòng)是sth be turned upside down，表示把……翻過來、顛倒過來，如漢英詞典中這句：The lid, turned upside down, served as a coffee table. 那個(gè)蓋子被翻過來當(dāng)作咖啡桌。

也可以引申為打亂……，讓……一團(tuán)糟。如His entire world was turned upside down. 他的整個(gè)生活變得一塌糊涂。He felt too shocked to move. His world had been turned upside down. 他驚呆了。他的世界已經(jīng)完全被打亂了。

注意這個(gè)短語和overturn的區(qū)別，overturn一般表示打翻、弄翻、翻倒、推翻，如牛津詞典中這句：He stood up quickly, overturning his chair. 他猛然站起來，弄翻了椅子。

2. disruptive美 [d?s?r?pt?v] ：形容詞，可以表示積極意義，即開拓性的、創(chuàng)新的，也可以表示消極意義，即顛覆性的、破壞性的。如柯林斯詞典中這句：The process of implementing these changes can be very disruptive to a small company. 對(duì)于小公司來說，實(shí)行這些變革可能會(huì)帶來滅頂之災(zāi)。動(dòng)詞是disrupt，

every cloud has a silver lining

我們繼續(xù)看孟晚舟獲釋后發(fā)表的這段英文演講：

But I believe every cloud has a silver lining. It really was an invaluable experience in my life. I will never forget all the good wishes I’ve received from people around the world. As the saying goes, "the greater the difficulty, the greater the growth."

但我相信烏云之后必有彩虹。這是一次珍貴的人生經(jīng)歷，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我從世界各地的人們那里收到的所有美好祝愿。俗話說得好："困難越大，成長(zhǎng)越大。"

1. As the saying goes, "the greater the difficulty, the greater the growth." ：as a/the saying goes很常見，如之前進(jìn)博會(huì)開幕式演講上，大大就提到了"一花獨(dú)放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。"英文翻譯就是As a Chinese saying goes, "All flowers in full blossom make a beautiful spring."

注意兩點(diǎn)：一是引號(hào)里面的首字母大小寫都可以。二是最后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在雙引號(hào)內(nèi)。還比如《"熱鬧"英語怎么說？經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精彩表達(dá)！》中這句：Still, China is quicker to embrace change than outsiders might suppose. Ms Li recalls the traditional line: " Raise children to care for you when you get old." 其中Raise children to care for you when you get old表示養(yǎng)兒防老。

2. 英語寫作句型：every cloud has a silver lining表示"黑暗中總有一線光明"或"情況總會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)"。今天重點(diǎn)講這個(gè)，silver lining在外刊中很常見，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，引出好的一方面，大概有以下幾種句型：A. sth be a silver lining表示……成了一線希望，如金融時(shí)報(bào)中這個(gè)：

Its operating income dropped 8 per cent year-over-year to $466m. Disney+, the company’s streaming service to rival Netflix, has been a silver lining: with people stuck at home, consumers have flocked to online video to bide their time. Disney had signed up 54.5m subscribers as of May 4, less than six months after launching — having initially predicted it would take four years to reach 60m subscribers.

去年迪士尼營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)同比下降8%，跌至4.66億美元。迪士尼旗下與Netflix競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的流媒體服務(wù)Disney+成了一線希望，因?yàn)槿藗兝г诩抑?，消費(fèi)者紛紛涌向在線視頻打發(fā)時(shí)間。截至5月4日，迪斯尼的注冊(cè)用戶已達(dá)5450萬，距離該服務(wù)上線還不到6個(gè)月。此前迪斯尼預(yù)測(cè)要達(dá)到6000萬注冊(cè)用戶將需要4年時(shí)間。

B. there are silver linings表示困境中也有一線希望。比如金融時(shí)報(bào)中這個(gè)：

"We are in one of the most densely populated cities in the world so we expect that we could appeal to a lot of those people who want to study close to home because of travel restrictions," Ms Sharpe says. "We believe that there are silver linings."

夏普表示："我們位于世界上人口最稠密的城市之一，因此我們預(yù)計(jì)，由于旅行限制我們可以吸引很多希望在離家近的地方學(xué)習(xí)的人。我們相信困境中也有一線希望。"

常見的還有there is a silver lining in/to sth表示……里還有一線希望、……還會(huì)帶來希望，如紐約時(shí)報(bào)中這句：There is a silver lining to rock-bottom oil prices: The resulting cheap fuel will be a boon to consumers and to industries like trucking and airlines. 油價(jià)觸底的困境里還有一線希望：由此帶來的廉價(jià)燃料將會(huì)給消費(fèi)者、卡車運(yùn)輸和航空等行業(yè)帶來福音。

如果后面跟sb，就是for sb，如紐約時(shí)報(bào)中這句：

But there is a silver lining for those who are working in languages other than their native one. Research has recently shown that people who can speak a foreign language are likely to be more analytical. Other studies have suggested that people who are bilingual make decisions in different ways from those with one language.

但對(duì)于我們?cè)诜悄刚Z環(huán)境里工作的人來說，也有一些好處。研究表明會(huì)說外語的人通常具有更強(qiáng)的分析能力。其他一些研究還指出，具備雙語能力的人做決策的方式與僅會(huì)母語的人也大有不同。

C. sb see a silver lining/silver linings in/to，比如紐約時(shí)報(bào)上這兩句：Mr. Mullenweg, whose company’s work force is fully distributed, sees a silver lining in the coronavirus. In his blog post last week, he wrote that it "might also offer an opportunity for many companies to finally build a culture that allows long-overdue work flexibility."馬倫韋格的公司員工完全不用集中辦公，他看到了疫情中的一線光明。他上周在博客中寫道："許多公司可以趁這次疫情最終建立一種備受期待的靈活工作文化。

One group of students that could see a silver lining is high school juniors. Despite disruptions to testing and the admissions process, it could be easier for them to get into their stretch schools if overall enrollment declines — especially for those who can afford to pay full tuition, if fewer international students apply to U.S. schools.

有一群學(xué)生看到了一點(diǎn)困境中的好處，他們是高三學(xué)生。盡管考試和錄取過程受到干擾，但如果整體入學(xué)人數(shù)下降，他們可能更容易進(jìn)入自己心儀的學(xué)?！绻暾?qǐng)美國(guó)學(xué)校的國(guó)際學(xué)生減少，能負(fù)擔(dān)得起全額學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生就更能從中受益。

考研英語真題中也有這個(gè)用法：Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. 許多人看到了經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩的一線希望。潛在購(gòu)房者會(huì)為利率降低而歡呼。《絕望主婦》第八季中這句：I started to see the silver lining in even the worst situations. 我甚至在最不堪的情景中也能看到希望。

這個(gè)的同義表達(dá)是sb see an upside，剛好考研英語真題中就有這個(gè)：Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. 用餐者可能也看到了好處。要想在曼哈頓新開業(yè)的阿蘭·杜卡斯餐廳（Alain Ducasse）找到一張空桌過去往往是不可能的，而現(xiàn)在可以了。