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“戶(hù)口”“積分落戶(hù)”英文怎么說(shuō)?|經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀

今天給大家分享的是9.22這一期經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上有關(guān)戶(hù)籍制度改革的一篇文章,原文標(biāo)題是Reforms to China’s hukou system will not help migrants much。

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  今天給大家分享的是9.22這一期經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上有關(guān)戶(hù)籍制度改革的一篇文章,原文標(biāo)題是Reforms to China’s hukou system will not help migrants much。

  經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人原文:In recent years, the issue of hukou reform has been front and centre. He speaks of the need to shiminhua (make into urbanites) rural migrants—in other words, allow these 300 million-400 million people to enjoy the same access as other city-dwellers to education, health care, pensions, housing and government jobs. Smaller towns and cities have long been doing so. In 2019 the government said bigger ones, with up to 3 million urban residents, should follow suit, and those with populations between 3 million and 5 million should ease their restrictions on obtaining local hukou. The biggest cities were allowed to continue using a points system to determine migrants’ eligibility for benefits. This is based on criteria such as skills, education and social-security payments.

  參考譯文:近年來(lái),戶(hù)籍改革問(wèn)題一直是重中之重。他常常談到農(nóng)民工"市民化"的必要性,換句話(huà)說(shuō),就是讓這三四億農(nóng)民工與其他城市居民享受同等的教育、醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老金、住房等福利,享有獲得政府職位的同等機(jī)會(huì)。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一些規(guī)模較小的城鎮(zhèn)一直在這么做。2019年,中央政府表示城市人口達(dá)300萬(wàn)的較大城市應(yīng)當(dāng)效仿這一做法,城市人口介于300萬(wàn)至500萬(wàn)之間的城市則應(yīng)放寬落戶(hù)限制。當(dāng)時(shí),允許特大城市繼續(xù)使用積分政策來(lái)決定城市移民是否有資格享有福利。積分落戶(hù)政策的基礎(chǔ)指標(biāo)包括技能、教育背景、繳納社保年限。

  01

  第一句:In recent years, the issue of hukou reform has been front and centre.

  近年來(lái),戶(hù)籍改革問(wèn)題一直是重中之重。

  1. 中國(guó)特色詞匯:我們說(shuō)有很多中國(guó)特色詞語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在在外刊中頻繁出現(xiàn),有很多也已經(jīng)被收錄在了牛津詞典里,比如這一句的hukou,還比如gaokao、fengshui、hongbao、jiaozi等詞。更多大家可以看看這篇《牛津詞典》收錄的中國(guó)特色詞匯!

  the issue of hukou reform可以說(shuō)戶(hù)籍改革問(wèn)題,也可以說(shuō)戶(hù)籍制度改革問(wèn)題。

  2. front and centre:重中之重;中心;焦點(diǎn);關(guān)鍵;突出位置,如金融時(shí)報(bào)這句:

  He has been unapologetic about putting social issues front and centre, even in a time of economic strife.

  他沒(méi)有辯解為何要將社會(huì)問(wèn)題置于重中之重,即便是在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域矛盾重重的情況下。

  put ... front and center是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的表達(dá),意思是把……置于重中之重;把……擺在關(guān)鍵位置上。put也可以是place。被動(dòng)則是... be put/placed front and center。

  比如"將人權(quán)放在最突出位置上"就可以說(shuō)put human rights front and center。

  02

  第二句:He speaks of the need to shiminhua (make into urbanites) rural migrants—in other words, allow these 300 million-400 million people to enjoy the same access as other city-dwellers to education, health care, pensions, housing and government jobs.

  他常常談到農(nóng)民工"市民化"的必要性,換句話(huà)說(shuō),就是讓這三四億農(nóng)民工與其他城市居民享受同等的教育、醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老金、住房等福利,享有獲得政府職位的同等機(jī)會(huì)。

  1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這句主干是He speaks of the need;allow these 300 million-400 million people to enjoy the same access as other city-dwellers to education, health care, pensions, housing and government jobs是對(duì)shiminhua (make into urbanites) rural migrants的解釋說(shuō)明;其中(make into urbanites)是對(duì)shiminhua的英文解釋。

  make into urbanites rural migrants=make rural migrants into urbanites;these 300 million -400 million people就指前面提到的rural migrants。

  2. 固定搭配:speak of表示說(shuō)到;談起。后面可以是something,也可以是doing something,類(lèi)似的比如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人這句:

  Thus Mr. Trichet, looking only a month ahead, speaks of the need for "vigilance" but gives no guarantee that rates will rise.

  所以特里謝只是判斷下個(gè)月的情況,談到市場(chǎng)要保持警惕,而并不作出任何加息的保證。

  再來(lái)看2015年浙江高考真題中的這句:

  People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and yet the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they believe in or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion: it s impossible.

  人們常說(shuō)要嘗試一條更令人滿(mǎn)意的道路,但當(dāng)他們想辭職去做他們所信仰的事情,或者想找到一個(gè)能給他們更多時(shí)間和家人在一起的職位時(shí),結(jié)果幾乎總是相同的:這是不可能的。

  speak of還可以表示說(shuō)明。比如金融時(shí)報(bào)例句:

  "Traffic in stores has been higher than we expected and more customers are buying, which speaks of the strength and loyalty of our local clientele," said the company.

  該公司說(shuō):"門(mén)店的客流量高于我們的預(yù)期,有更多的顧客在購(gòu)買(mǎi),這說(shuō)明了我們本地消費(fèi)者的實(shí)力和忠誠(chéng)度。"

  3. 中國(guó)特色詞匯:shiminhua (make into urbanites)指"市民化"。括號(hào)里的make into urbanites就是對(duì)shiminhua的英文解釋。make into意思是使成為,使轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?;urbanites即城市居民。

  shiminhua (make into urbanites)這種中文拼音+英文釋義的用法之前也見(jiàn)過(guò)不少次。

  跟前面出現(xiàn)的hukou不一樣,有些詞并沒(méi)有在英語(yǔ)世界大面積流行或者牛津詞典沒(méi)有收錄,對(duì)于不懂中文或不了解中國(guó)文化的人來(lái)說(shuō),單獨(dú)說(shuō)拼音對(duì)方可能根本不知道你說(shuō)的是什么。所以下次碰到類(lèi)似的中國(guó)特色詞語(yǔ),我們都可以采用英文釋義+拼音或者拼音+英文釋義來(lái)表達(dá),如22年6月CATTI三筆真題中這個(gè):

  The module, named "Tianhe", or "Harmony of the Heavens", was launched on the Long March 5B, China’s largest carrier rocket, at 11:23 a.m. (03:23 GMT) from the Wenchang Space Launch Centre on the southern island of Hainan.

  該核心艙命名為"天和",于北京時(shí)間上午11:23(格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間03:23)在海南文昌航天發(fā)射場(chǎng)由中國(guó)最大的運(yùn)載火箭長(zhǎng)征5號(hào)B送入太空。

  再比如打卡最美網(wǎng)紅書(shū)店 | 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀這篇中的internet celebrities, known as wanghong。一起來(lái)回憶一下吧:

  Bookshops have become a popular destination for Chinese internet celebrities, known as wanghong, and those who aspire to such heights.

  書(shū)店已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)一些網(wǎng)紅以及那些想成為網(wǎng)紅的人熱衷去的地方。

  4. 固定搭配:enjoy/have the same access as somebody to something意思是與誰(shuí)一樣獲得……;和誰(shuí)一樣有……的機(jī)會(huì)/途徑等。the same...as是一起的。as也可以放到后面,即enjoy/have the same access to something as somebody,比如世衛(wèi)組織官網(wǎng)上有這么一句:

  Therefore it is vital that web sites can be used by all, so that persons with disabilities have the same access to information as everyone else.

  因此,至關(guān)重要的是,確保所有人都能夠使用網(wǎng)站,這樣殘疾人也可同其他人一樣獲取所需信息。

  還比如北美新托??荚噷?xiě)作真題中這句"擁有和城市居民同樣的航空旅行的機(jī)會(huì)":

  The air subsidy program attempts to make it possible for people living in rural areas to enjoy the same access to air travel as people in cities.

  5. pensions:養(yǎng)老金。這個(gè)在CATTI考試中很常見(jiàn)。真題參考譯文:18.11CATTI二筆漢譯英汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)篇這篇提到的"養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)":

  隨著醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷發(fā)展,還將進(jìn)一步提升中國(guó)人的消費(fèi)能力。

  And with the improvement of healthcare and pension systems, China will release more of its potential in consumption.

  03

  第三句:Smaller towns and cities have long been doing so.

  長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一些規(guī)模較小的城鎮(zhèn)一直在這么做。

  1. Smaller:指規(guī)模較小的,人口規(guī)模較小的,或直接說(shuō)較小的。I型大城市指城區(qū)人口介于300萬(wàn)到500萬(wàn)之間的城市。北京是特大城市。

  2. towns and cities:這個(gè)的翻譯需要注意,不要說(shuō)城鎮(zhèn)和城市,重復(fù)了,因?yàn)槌擎?zhèn)包括按國(guó)家行政建制設(shè)立的市和鎮(zhèn)。

  04

  第四句:In 2019 the government said bigger ones, with up to 3 million urban residents, should follow suit, and those with populations between 3 million and 5 million should ease their restrictions on obtaining local hukou.

  2019年,中央政府表示城市人口達(dá)300萬(wàn)的較大城市應(yīng)當(dāng)效仿這一做法,城市人口介于300萬(wàn)至500萬(wàn)之間的城市則應(yīng)放寬落戶(hù)限制。

  1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這句主干是the government said ...;其中bigger ones should follow suit是一起的。兩個(gè)with都表示"有",up to指高達(dá),多大。根據(jù)前面可知populations也具體指城市人口。

  2. 固定表達(dá):follow suit是固定表達(dá),表示效仿;照做,舉個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人的例子:

  If it does, staff at Boeing admit they will have little choice but to follow suit.

  如果空客真的這樣做,波音的員工承認(rèn)他們沒(méi)有辦法只有選擇照做。

  "效仿某人"可以說(shuō)follow the example of somebody,如金融時(shí)報(bào)中這兩句:

  One option is to follow the example of Sony and create a global brand that is not country-specific.

  選擇之一是效仿索尼(Sony),打造一個(gè)沒(méi)有國(guó)別色彩的全球化品牌。

  He said developing Asian countries should follow the example of Singapore, South Korea and China to put together investment plans.

  他表示,亞洲發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)新加坡、韓國(guó)和中國(guó)的做法,制定總體投資計(jì)劃。

  某人樹(shù)立了榜樣,其他人效仿學(xué)習(xí)可以說(shuō)follow the example set by sb,我們知道set an example表示樹(shù)立榜樣,如漢英詞典中這句:

  Those in subordinate positions will follow the example set by their superiors.

  上行下效。

  somebody follow表示某人會(huì)效仿。

  3. 固定搭配:ease restrictions on ...意思是放寬對(duì)……的限制,舉個(gè)金融時(shí)報(bào)上的例子:

  The US should also ease restrictions on visas and work permits for foreign students who will otherwise take their skills elsewhere.

  美國(guó)還應(yīng)放寬對(duì)外國(guó)學(xué)生的簽證和工作許可限制,否則這些學(xué)生就會(huì)把自己的技能帶到其它國(guó)家。

  ease還可以替換為relax,loosen,分別舉外刊上的例子說(shuō)明:

  New Delhi, for example, has also relaxed restrictions on rice exports.

  例如,新德里還放松了對(duì)大米出口的限制。

  He has leased state lands and loosened restrictions on farmers buying supplies and selling produce.

  他出租國(guó)有土地,并放寬農(nóng)民購(gòu)買(mǎi)供應(yīng)品、出售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的限制。

  05

  第五句:The biggest cities were allowed to continue using a points system to determine migrants’ eligibility for benefits.

  當(dāng)時(shí),允許特大城市繼續(xù)使用積分政策來(lái)決定城市移民是否有資格享有福利。

  1. 翻譯思維:The biggest cities were allowed to沒(méi)有翻譯為"一線(xiàn)城市被允許",不通順。此外,中文里"被"字常用來(lái)表示貶義,比如"被打"、"被處罰"。

  2. a points system:指積分制,比如金融時(shí)報(bào)這句:

  Last year Hong Kong introduced a "quality migrants scheme", using a points system to attract high-flying professionals.

  去年,香港推出了"優(yōu)秀人才入境計(jì)劃"(Quality Migrant Admission Scheme),利用積分制來(lái)吸引志向遠(yuǎn)大的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士移居香港。

  這篇文章中指的就是我們常說(shuō)的積分落戶(hù)政策。

  3. eligibility美[??l?d???b?l?ti]:n. 資格;合格,比如詞典上這句:

  He was quizzed about his income, debts and eligibility for state benefits.

  他被問(wèn)及收入、債務(wù)以及是否有資格享受政府發(fā)放的救濟(jì)金等問(wèn)題。

  eligibility for即有……的資格。也可以說(shuō)eligibility to do something. 比如"有資格參加"可以說(shuō)eligibility to take part。

  它的形容詞形式是eligible,一般是be eligible to do something或be eligible for something,比如柯林斯詞典中這兩句:

  Almost half the population are eligible to vote in todays election.

  大約有一半人有資格參加今天的選舉投票。

  Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment.

  只有70歲以上的人才有資格領(lǐng)取這項(xiàng)專(zhuān)款。

  這個(gè)單詞還可以表示(作為結(jié)婚對(duì)象)合適的,中意的,如:

  Hes the most eligible bachelor in Japan.

  他是日本最為搶手的單身漢。

  06

  第六句:This is based on criteria such as skills, education and social-security payments.

  積分落戶(hù)政策的基礎(chǔ)指標(biāo)包括技能、教育背景、繳納社保年限。

  1. criteria:是復(fù)數(shù)。

  2. 翻譯思維:使用專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯。這句話(huà)的翻譯要看看專(zhuān)業(yè)說(shuō)法是什么,如下面這句:

  基礎(chǔ)指標(biāo)包括年齡、教育背景、專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)職稱(chēng)和技能等級(jí)、在本市工作及繳納職工社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)年限。

  今天就分享這么多,希望大家喜歡,多點(diǎn)贊多分享!

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