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今天給大家分享歐內(nèi)斯特?米勒爾?海明威（Ernest Miller Hemingway）小說《老人與海》（The Old man and the Sea）節(jié)選的單詞解析，譯文是黃源深的版本，這個(gè)版本的譯文讀著比較通順流暢。
《老人與海》圍繞一位老年漁夫與一條巨大的馬林魚在灣流中的搏斗而展開。海明威筆下的老人是悲劇性的，但他身上卻有著尼采"超人"的品質(zhì)，泰然自若地接受失敗，沉著勇敢地面對(duì)死亡，這些"硬漢子"體現(xiàn)了海明威的人生哲學(xué)和道德理想，即人類不向命運(yùn)低頭，永不服輸?shù)亩肥烤窈头e極向上的樂觀人生態(tài)度。
原文
It was too good to last, he thought. I wish it had been a dream now and that I had never hooked the fish and was alone in bed on the newspapers. "But man is not made for defeat, " he said. "A man can be destroyed but not defeated. " I am sorry that I killed the fish though, he thought. Now the bad time is coming and I do not even have the harpoon. The dentuso is cruel and able and strong and intelligent. But I was more intelligent than he was. Perhaps not, he thought. Perhaps I was only better armed.
黃源深譯
好景不長(zhǎng)，他想。我現(xiàn)在真希望這是一場(chǎng)夢(mèng)，希望我根本沒有釣到過這條魚，希望正獨(dú)自躺在床上鋪的舊報(bào)紙上。"但是人不是為失敗而生的"，他說，"一個(gè)人可以被毀滅，卻不能被打敗"。"不過我還是很難過，我竟宰了這條魚, 他想。現(xiàn)在困難的時(shí)刻就要來臨，而我連魚叉也沒有了"。登土鯊血腥、能干、強(qiáng)壯、聰明。不過我比它還聰明。也許不是這樣，他想。也許只不過是我比它武裝得更好而已。
單詞解析
第一句：It was too good to last, he thought.
好景不長(zhǎng)，他想。
1. last [l?st] v. 持續(xù)；繼續(xù)；延續(xù)；繼續(xù)存在；持續(xù)起作用；持久；（在困境等中）堅(jiān)持下去；超越（困境等）。如牛津詞典上有這么一句話：
Each game lasts about an hour.
每場(chǎng)比賽約一小時(shí)。
It was too good to last是too...to太……而不能……句型，字面意思是太美好而難以持續(xù)下去，可以當(dāng)作一個(gè)固定表達(dá)記下來，表示"好景不長(zhǎng)"。
"好景不長(zhǎng)"也可以說Good times do not last long/will not last. 比如漢英大詞典上這句：
好景不長(zhǎng)。
Good times do not last long.
補(bǔ)充："短暫的，曇花一現(xiàn)的"還可以說not last long，be short-lived。比如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人這句：
His contentment would be short-lived. France was bankrupt, and its monarchy an affront to the Enlightenment.
但這種令他滿足的狀況好景不長(zhǎng)，法國(guó)陷于破產(chǎn)，其君主制也成為對(duì)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的公然蔑視。
第二句：I wish it had been a dream now and that I had never hooked the fish and was alone in bed on the newspapers.
我現(xiàn)在真希望這是一場(chǎng)夢(mèng)，希望我根本沒有釣到過這條魚，希望正獨(dú)自躺在床上鋪的舊報(bào)紙上。
1. 語(yǔ)法分析：當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。所以原文是I wish it had been a dream now and that ...補(bǔ)充完整是I wish (that) it had been a dream and that ...
2. 語(yǔ)法分析：wish虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如果是對(duì)過去情況的愿望、遺憾等，用過去完成時(shí)。后面的"was alone in bed on the newspapers"用過去時(shí)，意思是希望現(xiàn)在正躺在床上。
3. hook[h?k]：v.（使）鉤住，掛住；（尤指用腿、胳膊、手指等）鉤住，箍??；釣（魚）。如柯林斯詞典上這句：
At the first cast I hooked a huge fish.
第一次拋下釣線，我就釣了一條大魚。
4. on the newspapers：床上有鋪報(bào)紙，既說明家里條件艱苦，又說明老人愛看報(bào)紙。這本書其他地方也提到了這個(gè)：
隨后他躺在了床上。他拉起毯子，蓋住兩肩，然后裹住了背部和雙腿，臉朝下躺在報(bào)紙上，兩臂伸得筆直，手掌向上。
Then he lay down on the bed. He pulled the blanket over his shoulders and then over his back and legs and he slept face down on the newspapers with his arms out straight and the palms of his hands up.
第三、四句："But man is not made for defeat," he said. "A man can be destroyed but not defeated."
"但是人不是為失敗而生的"，他說，"一個(gè)人可以被毀滅，卻不能被打敗"。
1. be made for：為……而生，為……而做。如漢英大詞典上這句：
All efforts are not made for nothing.
功不唐捐。
2. destroy[d??str??]：v. 摧毀；毀滅；破壞；（因動(dòng)物有病或不再需要而）殺死，消滅，如牛津詞典上這句：
Many a good man has been destroyed by drink.
許多好人都?xì)г诹孙嬀粕稀?br>第五、六句：I am sorry that I killed the fish though, he thought. Now the bad time is coming and I do not even have the harpoon.
"不過我還是很難過，我竟宰了這條魚, 他想?，F(xiàn)在困難的時(shí)刻就要來臨，而我連魚叉也沒有了"。
1. sorry [?sɑ?ri]：adj. 難過；惋惜；同情；歉疚；慚愧；過意不去；后悔；遺憾；不忍。常見的搭配有be sorry that ...，be sorry to do something，feel sorry for。如漢英大詞典上這句：
I am sorry to hear of your serious illness.
得悉病重，甚感難過。
還比如牛津詞典這句：
I feel sorry for her, but the fact remains she lied to us.
我為她感到難過，可事實(shí)是她對(duì)我們?nèi)隽酥e。
2. harpoon[hɑ?r?pu?n]：n. 漁獵標(biāo)槍；魚叉。如柯林斯詞典上這句：
They tried to get the harpoon into the ray before the sting tail came lashing over to retaliate.
他們?cè)噲D把魚叉刺進(jìn)鰩魚體內(nèi)，以防它猛擺那蜇人的尾巴報(bào)復(fù)。
還比如harpoon points魚叉，魚叉尖部。
第七句：The dentuso is cruel and able and strong and intelligent.
登土鯊血腥、能干、強(qiáng)壯、聰明。
1. dentuso：西班牙語(yǔ)，一般音譯為登土鯊，登多索鯊。
2. cruel[?kru??l]：adj. 殘酷的；冷酷的；殘忍的；殘暴的；引起痛苦的。如牛津詞典上這句：
It saddened her that people could be so cruel.
人竟能如此殘忍，這讓她痛心。
3. intelligent[?n?tel?d??nt]：adj. 有才智的；悟性強(qiáng)的；聰明的；有智力的；有理解和學(xué)習(xí)能力的；智能的。如牛津詞典上這句：
She was not only intelligent but also very musical.
她不僅聰明，而且極具音樂天分。
第八句：But I was more intelligent than he was.
不過我比它還聰明。
第九、十句：Perhaps not, he thought. Perhaps I was only better armed.
也許不是這樣，他想。也許只不過是我比它武裝得更好而已。
1. perhaps[p?r?h?ps]：adv. 可能；大概；也許。如牛津詞典上這句：
Perhaps, unconsciously, I’ve done something to offend her.
我也許無(wú)意中做了什么得罪她的事。
2. arm [ɑ?rm]：v. 武裝；裝備；備戰(zhàn)；給……裝上引信；打開……的保險(xiǎn)；準(zhǔn)備發(fā)射。這里是武裝的意思，是被動(dòng)形式be done。主動(dòng)就是arm somebody，如漢英詞典中這句：
Driven beyond endurance, they led the villagers to arm themselves and prepare for action.
他們?nèi)虩o(wú)可忍，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)鄉(xiāng)親們拿起武器準(zhǔn)備行動(dòng)。
armed也可以是形容詞，比如牛津詞典上這句：
This was the first time he had confronted an armed robber.
這是他第一次面對(duì)一個(gè)武裝劫匪。
今天就分享這么多，希望大家喜歡，多點(diǎn)贊多分享！