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"打破紀(jì)錄"

"創(chuàng)下新紀(jì)錄""

比原世界紀(jì)錄快了29秒"

我們先看一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人的副標(biāo)題：Olympic records are being broken at a record pace.

很明顯，這里使用了我們最常見的"break/smash records"表示打破紀(jì)錄，還可以用better/improve a record，比如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中這句：

The oldest Olympic record is Bob Beamon’s mighty long jump of 8.90 metres in Mexico City in 1968. That world record was bettered/improved only in 1991, when Mike Powell leapt just five centimetres farther than Mr Beamon. 奧運(yùn)會跳遠(yuǎn)紀(jì)錄保持時間最久的是墨西哥1968年夏季奧林匹克運(yùn)動會上鮑勃·比蒙（Bob Beamon）以8.90米創(chuàng)造的跳遠(yuǎn)世界紀(jì)錄。此世界紀(jì)錄直到1991年才被打破，當(dāng)時邁克·鮑威爾（Mike Powell）僅超過紀(jì)錄5厘米。

常見的還有"創(chuàng)下世界新紀(jì)錄"，這個的英語是set a new world record，還可以說set a new world best，其實(shí)best可以表示最高紀(jì)錄，相當(dāng)于record，在哪個項(xiàng)目中用介詞in或for。如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中這句：

In the previous five years new world bests have been set in 13 of the 17 women’s Olympic swimming events. Men have also been swimming faster: in the same period new world records have been set in five events. 過去五年，17個奧運(yùn)會女子游泳項(xiàng)目中，有13項(xiàng)創(chuàng)下了新世界記錄。男子游泳速度也不斷提高：同時期，五個項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)下了新世界記錄。

"打破紀(jì)錄"還可用records take a beating，其中take a beating表示慘敗，如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中這句：Records in long-distance running have taken a beating in the past few years. 在過去的幾年里，長跑記錄已被打破。

sb beat records也可以表示"某人打破紀(jì)錄"， 如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中這句：In early July they helped Karsten Warholm, a Norwegian hurdler, beat the 29-year-old world record for men over 400 metres, by just eight milliseconds. 7月初，該跑鞋助力挪威跨欄運(yùn)動員卡斯滕·沃爾霍姆（Karsten Warholm）以超出近8毫秒的成績打破了保持29年的男子400米世界紀(jì)錄。

我們看看下面這段經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人，提到了"創(chuàng)下世界新紀(jì)錄"，好幾處還提到了"打破紀(jì)錄"：

AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES in Tokyo on July 25th, a quartet of Australian swimmers set a new world record in the women’s 4 x 100 metres freestyle event. They swam the distance in three minutes, 29.69 seconds—an average speed of 1.9 metres a second—skimming 36 milliseconds off the old record set three years ago by a team containing three of the Tokyo four. A team of Chinese swimmers broke the world record for the 4 x 200 metres freestyle on July 29th. And a further seven Olympic records have been broken at the games so far.

在7月25日東京奧運(yùn)會上，四名澳大利亞游泳運(yùn)動員在女子4x100米自由泳項(xiàng)目中創(chuàng)下新世界紀(jì)錄。他們以3分29秒69游完全程，平均速度為每秒1.9米，比三年前東京隊(duì)三人所創(chuàng)的紀(jì)錄快了36毫秒。7月29日，中國游泳隊(duì)打破了4x200米自由泳世界紀(jì)錄。到目前為止，又有七項(xiàng)奧運(yùn)會記錄被打破。

其他的都比較簡單，這里主要說下They swam the distance in three minutes, 29.69 seconds—an average speed of 1.9 metres a second—skimming 36 milliseconds off the old record set three years ago by a team containing three of the Tokyo four這句。

A. 這句主干是They swam the distance in three minutes, 29.69 seconds，其實(shí)破折號中間內(nèi)容是three minutes, 29.69 seconds的補(bǔ)充說明成分，skimming 36 milliseconds off the old record set three years ago by a team containing three of the Tokyo four整體是主干的結(jié)果狀語, set three years ago by a team containing three of the Tokyo four是后置定語修飾record。by a team containing three of the Tokyo four是set的施動者，containing three of the Tokyo four又是team的后置定語。

B. 這里重點(diǎn)說下skim 36 milliseconds off the old record的用法，skim有很多意思，我們常見的是略讀、瀏覽，如柯林斯詞典這句：He skimmed the pages quickly, then read them again more carefully. 他先快速地瀏覽頁面，然后再細(xì)細(xì)閱讀。

還可以表示skim along/over sth，表示掠過、擦過、滑過……，如牛津詞典中這句：We watched the birds skimming over the lake. 我們看著鳥兒貼著湖面飛過。

常見短語是skim off sth，表示私吞……或招攬到自己旗下，如柯林斯詞典中這句：If I read this right, he skimmed off about thirty million. 如果我沒有理解錯的話，他私吞了大約3,000萬。

但是今天這里是skim 36 milliseconds off the old record，不是skim off sth的用法，而是skim sth off sth else的用法，此時skim字面意思是撇去，如"他撇去了咖啡上的泡沫"就可以說"He skimmed the foam off his coffee"。skim 36 milliseconds off the old record的字面意思可以是從原來的紀(jì)錄上面去掉了36毫秒，意思自然就是"比……原記錄快了36毫秒"。

其實(shí)我們可以把這個當(dāng)個固定表達(dá)記下來，常見的同義表達(dá)有knock/shave/cut +縮短時間+ off/from the old record (of加原紀(jì)錄時間），還可以說beat ...world record (of加原紀(jì)錄時間） by+縮短時間。如外研社英語同義詞辨析中句子：

He has knocked 10 seconds off the world record. 他將世界紀(jì)錄縮短了10秒。

Shes already shaved four seconds off the national record for the mile. 她已經(jīng)將一英里賽跑的國家紀(jì)錄縮短了4秒。

The winner cut two seconds off the world record. 獲勝者比世界紀(jì)錄快了兩秒。

還比如yahoo上這句：The 24-year-old Kenyan knocked 29 seconds from the previous record of 58:01 set by Geoffrey Kamworor in 2019. 這位24歲的肯尼亞小伙打破了杰弗里·卡姆沃羅2019年創(chuàng)下的58分01秒的紀(jì)錄，比原世界紀(jì)錄快了29秒。

In early July they helped Karsten Warholm, a Norwegian hurdler, beat the 29-year-old world record for men over 400 metres, by just eight milliseconds. 7月初，該跑鞋助力挪威跨欄運(yùn)動員卡斯滕·沃爾霍姆（Karsten Warholm）以超出近8毫秒的成績打破了保持29年的男子400米世界紀(jì)錄。

"創(chuàng)下多少秒的紀(jì)錄"具體怎么說

可以說clocking+時間，此時clock是動詞，表示計時，還可以說in a world record time of+時間，表示在……的時間內(nèi)完成的。還可以直接說set a world record of+時間，下面是yahoo、路透社和cnn上的例句：

Kibiwott Kandie smashed the world record in the half marathon on Sunday (December 6), clocking 57:32 at the Valencia Half Marathon. 周日（12月6日），基比沃特·坎迪在瓦倫西亞半程馬拉松比賽中以57分32秒的成績打破了世界紀(jì)錄。

Karsten Warholm of Norway won the Olympic men’s 400 metres gold medal on Tuesday in a world record time of 45.94 seconds. 周二，挪威選手卡斯滕·沃爾霍姆（Karsten Warholm）以45.94秒的成績打破世界紀(jì)錄，奪得奧運(yùn)會男子400米金牌。

Norways Karsten Warholm took gold, setting a world record of 45.94 and breaking the 46-second mark for the first time. 挪威選手卡斯滕·沃爾霍姆奪得金牌，創(chuàng)下45.94秒的世界紀(jì)錄，打破了46秒的舊紀(jì)錄。

世界紀(jì)錄保持時間

這個一般就說a record is xxx years old，如果放在名詞record前，就用連字符xxx-year-old record，如果表示保持時間最久，就用oldest，如前面的The oldest Olympic record。我們再看看經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中的這幾句：

The average world record in these 16 events is more than 23 years old.
這16項(xiàng)運(yùn)動的世界紀(jì)錄保持時間已經(jīng)超過23年了。
Both the men’s and women’s world records in the 5,000 and 10,000 metres events are less than a year old.
男子和女子5000米和10000米項(xiàng)目的世界紀(jì)錄都保持不到一年。
In early July they helped Karsten Warholm, a Norwegian hurdler, beat the 29-year-old world record for men over 400 metres, by just eight milliseconds.
7月初，該跑鞋助力挪威跨欄運(yùn)動員卡斯滕·沃爾霍姆（Karsten Warholm）以超出近8毫秒的成績打破了保持29年的男子400米世界紀(jì)錄。

奧運(yùn)會紀(jì)錄刷新與科技創(chuàng)新

又破紀(jì)錄了！奧運(yùn)紀(jì)錄刷新速度創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄，科技創(chuàng)新功不可沒。我們看看經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人是怎么說的：

Swimmers have mostly benefited from steady progress in the construction of their swimsuits, even after full-body suits were banned in 2009. Improvements to clothing and equipment have helped break records in other sports, too. For example, the majority of world records in Olympic canoeing and rowing have been set in the past decade—aided by improvements in materials and boat design. And in archery, South Korean competitors have already set three new Olympic records in Tokyo, thanks to advances in bow and arrow construction supported by Hyundai, a carmaker.

2009年禁止游泳運(yùn)動員穿連體泳衣，但泳衣制造技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步使游泳運(yùn)動員受益良多。服裝和裝備的改進(jìn)對打破其他運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目紀(jì)錄也起到積極作用。例如，絕大多數(shù)奧運(yùn)會賽艇世界紀(jì)錄是在過去十年中創(chuàng)下的，這得益于材料和船只設(shè)計的改進(jìn)。在射箭項(xiàng)目中，韓國選手已經(jīng)在東京奧運(yùn)會創(chuàng)下了三項(xiàng)新世界記錄，因?yàn)樵谄囍圃焐态F(xiàn)代（Hyundai）的支持下，弓箭制造方面取得了巨大進(jìn)步。

這段中大家可以學(xué)到引出原因的英語寫作句型：sb benefit from sth. ...have helped...in other..., too. For example, the majority of...have been ... in the past decade—aided by .... And in ..., have already ..., thanks to advances in ...比如寫互聯(lián)網(wǎng)賦能，就可以這樣組句：

Tourism operators have benefited from the rise of the Internet of Things. Technological advances have helped make breakthroughs in many other areas, too. For example, telemedicine has flourished in the past year—aided by telecommunications technology. And in e-commerce, the growing ranks of livestreamers have shifted goods on e-shops and online shoppers can get almost anything delivered thanks to the sprawling logistics industry underpinning Chinese e-commerce.

我們再看下一段經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人：

Even track-and-field athletics, seen as the last bastion of pure human achievement, has been affected by technological progress. Records in long-distance running have taken a beating in the past few years—Nike’s Vaporfly trainers, and other similar footwear, boost racers’ running efficiency by about 4%. New shoes designed for sprint events—"super spikes"—give a similar edge. In early July they helped Karsten Warholm, a Norwegian hurdler, beat the 29-year-old world record for men over 400 metres, by just eight milliseconds.

技術(shù)進(jìn)步甚至影響到了田徑運(yùn)動—最后堡壘，成就完全由人類所創(chuàng)。在過去幾年里，長跑創(chuàng)下新記錄，耐克的Vaporfly運(yùn)動鞋和其他類似的運(yùn)動鞋將運(yùn)動員的跑步速度提高了約4%。專為短跑項(xiàng)目設(shè)計的新鞋——"超級釘鞋"——也有類似的作用。7月初，該跑鞋助力挪威跨欄運(yùn)動員卡斯滕·沃爾霍姆（Karsten Warholm）以超出近8毫秒的成績打破了保持29年的男子400米世界紀(jì)錄。

Bastion [b?st?(?)n]名詞，表示"堡壘；捍衛(wèi)者；防御工事"。trainer：這里指運(yùn)動鞋，不是訓(xùn)練員。Hurdler [h?:dl?(r)]，名詞表示"跨欄運(yùn)動員；參加跨欄賽的馬"。sth give a similar edge表示sth給予……競爭優(yōu)勢，edge這里作名詞指"優(yōu)勢"，常見的還有sb have an edge，表示某人具有某種優(yōu)勢，例如金融時報中的這句：

He said Korean exporters had a technical edge over many competitors and benefited from diversified markets. 他表示，韓國出口商較許多競爭對手擁有技術(shù)上的優(yōu)勢，并受益于多元化的市場。