公考熱!為何越來越多的年輕人考公務(wù)員?|經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀
一說到公務(wù)員,大家第一反應(yīng)就是"鐵飯碗"。近年來,考公務(wù)員的人也是越來越多。這不僅僅是在中國,其它國家同樣如此。針對這一話題,帶著大家一起來讀一讀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上的一段介紹。
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一說到公務(wù)員,大家第一反應(yīng)就是"鐵飯碗"。近年來,考公務(wù)員的人也是越來越多。這不僅僅是在中國,其它國家同樣如此。針對這一話題,帶著大家一起來讀一讀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上的一段介紹。
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人原文:Graduates’ sharpening focus on job security also boosts the appeal of the public sector, notes Dan Hawes, co-founder of Graduate Recruitment Bureau, a British firm. In Britain, applications for government jobs rose by nearly a third at the start of the pandemic. In March there were an estimated 67,000 more public-sector employees in the country than a year earlier. Around 1.4m Chinese vied for just over 31,000 government positions by sitting the notoriously tough national civil-service exam in November 2021, up by more than 40% compared with the previous year. If graduates keep gravitating towards safe government jobs, that will leave a smaller talent pool for private employers to fish in.
參考譯文:英企畢業(yè)生招聘局(Graduate Recruitment Bureau)聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人丹?霍斯(Dan Hawes)指出,畢業(yè)生越來越重視工作穩(wěn)定性也提升了公共部門的吸引力。在英國,疫情初期申請政府職位的人數(shù)增加了近三分之一。據(jù)估計,今年3月英國公共部門雇員人數(shù)比去年增加了6.7萬。去年11月,為角逐3.1萬余個政府職位,約有140萬中國人參加了以難著稱的國家公務(wù)員考試,人數(shù)比上一年增加了40%多。如果畢業(yè)生一直被穩(wěn)定的政府崗位所吸引,那么私人雇主可以選擇的人才就會減少。
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第一句:Graduates’ sharpening focus on job security also boosts the appeal of the public sector, notes Dan Hawes, co-founder of Graduate Recruitment Bureau, a British firm.
英企畢業(yè)生招聘局(Graduate Recruitment Bureau)聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人丹?霍斯(Dan Hawes)指出,畢業(yè)生越來越重視工作穩(wěn)定性也提升了公共部門的吸引力。
1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這句是說話內(nèi)容+說話人的結(jié)構(gòu);其中co-founder of Graduate Recruitment Bureau是Dan Hawes的同位語;a British firm又是Graduate Recruitment Bureau的同位語。
2. sharpening:是動詞的ing形式,表示日益明顯的,日益尖銳的,日益加強(qiáng)/加重的。比如金融時報上這句:
But economic policymakers are concerned about its sharpening social divide.
但經(jīng)濟(jì)政策制定者對于該國日益尖銳的社會兩極分化感到擔(dān)憂。
還比如紐約時報中這個:The dispute is only sharpening. 爭端只會越演越烈。
a sharpening focus on意思就是對……的日益關(guān)注,更加注重/重視……sharpening也可以替換為sharpened,即a sharpened focus on。舉例說明:
Delegations commended UNICEF for its sharpened focus on strategic partnerships at the global, national and local levels.
各代表團(tuán)贊揚(yáng)聯(lián)合國兒童基會在全球、國家和地方各級更加注重戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系。
在今天這句中Graduates’ sharpening focus on job security就表示更加注重/越發(fā)重視工作穩(wěn)定性。
同義表達(dá)是one’s increasing/growing focus on sth,如金融時報上這句:
That may change with the growing focus on entrepreneurship in business schools.
這一點(diǎn)可能會隨著商學(xué)院日益關(guān)注創(chuàng)業(yè)而發(fā)生變化。
同理,動詞短語sharpen one’s focus on sth可以表示更加/日益關(guān)注……,如金融時報上這句:
For others it has prompted a move up the wealth ladder, as banks sharpen their focus on so-called "ultra high net worth" individuals their very richest, and most lucrative, clients.
對另一些銀行來說,隨著對所謂"超高凈值"人士(最富有、最有利可圖的客戶)關(guān)注度的提高,這促使它們向更高端的財富管理市場轉(zhuǎn)移。
我們知道focus還可以表示一個人的注意力,所以sharpen one’s focus on sth還可以表示集中注意力/精力,如這句:
Take short breaks to refresh yourself and sharpen your focus.
稍微休息一下,讓自己重新充滿活力,集中精力。
3. 固定表達(dá):job security是固定表達(dá),意思是工作穩(wěn)定;工作穩(wěn)定性。比如詞典上這句:Job security has become the touchstone of a good job for many employees. 工作穩(wěn)定性已成為很多員工衡量一份工作好壞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
再比如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上這句:
European state workers are often badly paid, having consciously accepted low salaries and tedium in exchange for job security.
歐洲的國家工人通常工資低,但為換取穩(wěn)定工作,他們已自覺地接受了低收入和單調(diào)乏味的工作內(nèi)容。
Security表示保障、安全,常見的還有food security糧食安全,推薦閱讀"食品安全"?
4. 固定搭配:boost the appeal of可以當(dāng)作固定搭配來記,意思是"提高……的吸引力"。舉個經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上的例子:
As the two companies get closer, Porsches technology could boost the appeal of VWs more expensive models.
隨著兩家公司日益緊密,保時捷的技術(shù)能大大提升大眾高檔車的吸引力。
boost the appeal of的同義表達(dá)是increase the appeal of,如金融時報中這句:
"In the short term, we want to increase the appeal of Sony devices, " he said. "Eventually, the business will have to stand on its own. "
他表示,"短期而言,我們希望增加索尼設(shè)備的吸引力。最終,這塊業(yè)務(wù)將必須能夠獨(dú)立生存。"
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第二句:In Britain, applications for government jobs rose by nearly a third at the start of the pandemic.
在英國,疫情初期申請政府職位的人數(shù)增加了近三分之一。
1. 長難句分析:applications rose by nearly a third是主干。
2. 固定表達(dá):applications for是固定表達(dá),可以表示申請……如金融時報中這句:
If Byte Dance’s application for the license is accepted, guidelines state that it would have to be approved or denied within 30 business days.
如果字節(jié)跳動的許可申請被受理,則按照規(guī)定必須在30個工作日內(nèi)批準(zhǔn)或拒絕該申請。
比如失業(yè)了"申請失業(yè)津貼"英文就可以說applications for unemployment benefits。
今天這句就是申請這個意思。
applications for也可以表示應(yīng)用……比如華爾街日報這句:
The company is teaming up with partners to test different applications for its technology.
該公司聯(lián)合其他合作伙伴對其技術(shù)進(jìn)行不同應(yīng)用。
還比如,金融時報這句"商業(yè)應(yīng)用"是這么說的:
Sony Computer Entertainment is in discussions with a number of companies about possible commercial applications for the PlayStation 3.
索尼電腦娛樂公司正在與許多公司洽談,討論P(yáng)S3可能進(jìn)行的商業(yè)應(yīng)用。
3. at the start of:在……開始的時候;在……初期。2016年12月四級真題中就有這個短語,原句是:
At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set.
在剛上初中時,具有成長思維模式的學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)測試分?jǐn)?shù)與顯示出固定思維模式學(xué)生的分?jǐn)?shù)相當(dāng)。
類似的短語有at the beginning of。來看2017年6月六級真題中這句:
He was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome.
他在羅馬長期居留的初期,他的朋友安東?拉斐爾?門斯給他繪制了一幅肖像畫。
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第三句:In March there were an estimated 67,000 more public-sector employees in the country than a year earlier.
據(jù)估計,今年3月英國公共部門雇員人數(shù)比去年增加了6.7萬。
1. 固定句型:an estimated+數(shù)字可以當(dāng)作一個固定句型來記,表示"據(jù)估計,有多少……"。如華爾街日報中這句:
The company spends an estimated $700 million a year on advertising, according to WPP.
據(jù)WPP,中國移動每年用于營銷的費(fèi)用估計在7億美元。
一起來看經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上介紹小紅書的這兩句話:
Seven-year-old Xiaohongshu, or Little Red Book, is already one of China’s most popular apps for cross-border commerce, with an estimated 85 m users, according to Tenba Group, a consultancy. Its customers, most of whom are young women, exchange shopping experiences via text, images and video.
咨詢公司天馬的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,推出七年的小紅書已經(jīng)是中國最受歡迎的跨境電商應(yīng)用之一,估計有8500萬用戶。其顧客以年輕女性為主,她們通過文字、圖片和視頻交流購物經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
這部分對小紅書的介紹我們可以積累起來,用在電商、社交媒體、年輕人喜愛的app等話題中。
2. than a year earlier:這個在外刊中很常見,意思是"較去年"。如金融時報例句:
It could be time for a repeat; crude was 47 per cent more expensive on Thursday than a year earlier and 80 per cent above the 2009 average.
現(xiàn)在可能到了歷史重演的時候了;本周四,原油價格較一年前上漲了47%,比2009年的均價高出80%。
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第四句:Around 1.4 m Chinese vied for just over 31,000 government positions by sitting the notoriously tough national civil-service exam in November 2021, up by more than 40% compared with the previous year.
去年11月,為角逐3.1萬余個政府職位,約有140萬中國人參加了以難著稱的國家公務(wù)員考試,人數(shù)比上一年增加了40%多。
1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這句主干是Around 1.4m Chinese vied for just over 31,000 government positions;by sitting the notoriously tough national civil-service exam in November 2021是by引導(dǎo)的方式狀語;
up by more than 40% compared with the previous year是Around 1.4m Chinese的補(bǔ)充說明成分,而不是just over 31,000 government positions的。我們看看新聞:
搜狐網(wǎng):2020年國家公務(wù)員考試報名于10月24日結(jié)束,有將近140萬人報名,目前120多萬人審核通過。本次國考設(shè)有13849個職位,共招2.4萬多人,招錄人數(shù)相比于2019年的1.45萬,有大幅度增加。
2021年國家公務(wù)員考試筆試今日拉開帷幕。本次國考共13172個職位招錄25726人,約140.3萬人過審。
可見,職位數(shù)沒有多大變化,而2020年過審人員是120萬多人,而2021年約140.3萬人過審,所以增加了不少。但是也沒有達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人說的40%這么多,而且"為角逐3.1萬余個政府職位"中數(shù)字和網(wǎng)上報道的也不一樣。
這種補(bǔ)充說明的句子很常見,up by中by也可以不加,如金融時報中這句:
Better models have won car-buyers back: in August GM had a 20. 4% market share in America, up almost two percentage points in a year.
其改良的車型也贏回了購車者:8月,通用在美國的市場份額為20.4%,幾乎在一年內(nèi)增長了2%。
2. 固定搭配:vie for表示激烈競爭;爭奪。舉個經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上的例子:
Oracle, Cisco and IBM will vie for corporate customers; Apple and Google will scramble for individuals.
甲骨文、思科和IBM將爭奪企業(yè)客戶,蘋果和谷歌將爭奪個人客戶。
其中scramble for和vie for是同義表達(dá),也是爭奪的意思。比如生活中常說的"搶票"就可以說scramble for tickets。
3. 一詞多義:position的意思有很多,在這里它是職位;職務(wù)的意思。比如華爾街日報上這句:
Google is still trying to fill roughly 40 open positions in China that it listed on its Web site before its January announcement.
谷歌仍在試圖填補(bǔ)其網(wǎng)站上公示的約40個職位空缺,這些職位都是該公司一月份作上述宣布前公示在網(wǎng)站上的。
4. 熟詞偏意:sit我們常見的意思是"坐",今天這句考查的是它的一個熟詞偏意,這里sit表示"參加考試"。比如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上這句"參加駕照考試"用的就是sit:
That might be because Mexican hauliers, along with taxi-drivers and other professionals, have to sit a driving test.
這可能是因?yàn)槟鞲邕\(yùn)輸公司和出租車司機(jī)以及其他職業(yè)一樣,必須參加駕駛考試。
外刊精讀:高考校門口是怎樣一道風(fēng)景?| 考研英語這篇里就講到了sit的這一用法:考試"可以說take/sit the exam,"考生"可以說exam takers,exam sitters。
5. 一詞多義:notoriously美[no??t?r??sl?],adv. 臭名昭著地,聲名狼藉地;著名地;眾所周知地;極其;非常。今天這里是"極其;非常"的意思。舉個金融時報上的例子:
The lack of transparency makes comparisons among banks notoriously difficult.
由于缺乏透明度,在銀行之間進(jìn)行比較極為困難。
外媒是如何報道《哪吒》的?"痞帥、鱷魚牙、熊貓眼"英語怎么說?中也講到了notoriously的這一用法,一起來回憶一下,原句是:
The films social scores are among the best ever for a Chinese film. Its user rating on Maoyan sits at 9.7/10 and its score from Doubans notoriously picky but influential users is 8.7/10.
《哪吒》電影評分在中國電影史上位居前列。貓眼評分高達(dá)9.7/10,而在豆瓣這個頗具影響力的平臺上,即使用戶尤為挑剔,評分也達(dá)到了8.7/10。
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人精讀 | 高考頂替案,可能"只是冰山一角"?這篇在介紹高考時,也有引用這樣一句:
Students across China are studying hard for the gaokao, the country’s notoriously tough national standardised test ...
還比如外刊中這兩句:
After following the notoriously tough Cambridge Weight Plan, Louise soon started to see a difference and found motivation in the results.
路易斯采用了以嚴(yán)苛著稱的劍橋減肥食譜進(jìn)行減肥,她開始發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的變化,由此更有了減肥的動力。
The Harvard Business Schools admissions process is notoriously tough, accepting only 11% of all 2016 applicants.
哈佛商學(xué)院的招生十分嚴(yán)格,2016名申請者中只有11%被接受。
因此今天這句話的notoriously tough也就是出了名的難;以難著稱的意思。
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第五句:If graduates keep gravitating towards safe government jobs, that will leave a smaller talent pool for private employers to fish in.
如果畢業(yè)生一直被穩(wěn)定的政府崗位所吸引,那么私人雇主可以選擇的人才就會減少。
1. 長難句分析:keep doing是持續(xù)/一直干某事。That指if整句話,也可以用it替換。leave a smaller talent pool for private employers to fish in是leave sth for sb to do的用法,do的邏輯賓語是sth,所以是fish in a smaller talent pool,其中fish引申為搜尋/尋找,in是在……中,整個的字面意思是在更少的人才庫中搜尋。
2. gravitate美[?ɡr?v?te?t]:gravitate to/towards表示被吸引到……來看華爾街日報上這句:
Nowadays, some short sleepers gravitate to fields like blogging, videogame design and social media, where their sleep habits come in handy.
現(xiàn)在,有些短睡眠者被博客、視頻游戲設(shè)計和社交媒體等領(lǐng)域的工作所吸引,他們的睡眠習(xí)慣很適合這些工作。
再比如世衛(wèi)組織網(wǎng)站上這句:
Health systems will not automatically gravitate towards greater fairness and efficiency.
衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)不會自動變得更加公平和有效。
再比如,"許多年輕人被吸引到城里找工作"就可以說Many young people gravitate to the cities in search of work.
名詞gravitation意思是引力;萬有引力。萬有引力定律的英文就是law of universal gravitation。還有常見的gravity重力。
形容詞gravitational表示引力的;重力引起的。比如"引力場"就是a gravitational field。
3. safe government jobs:safe指穩(wěn)定的,也可以用steady,當(dāng)然secure也可以,所以第一句用了job security工作穩(wěn)定性。
government posts,government positions可以替換government jobs。
"公務(wù)員考試"是civil-service exams,"公務(wù)員"是civil servants,"公務(wù)員職位"是civil-service jobs。
4. that指代的事情前面整個。
5. 固定搭配:a small pool of sb意思是少量……舉個金融時報上的例子:
If firms respond to the crisis by retreating to the superficial comfort of recruiting from a small pool of graduates from a small number of universities, that closes the door to talent from disadvantaged backgrounds.
如果企業(yè)為應(yīng)對危機(jī),只是象征性地從少數(shù)幾所大學(xué)的少量畢業(yè)生人才池進(jìn)行招聘,那就等于向弱勢群體背景的人才關(guān)閉了大門。
比如說就業(yè)難這個問題,提到要為不多的職位去競爭,英文可以說compete for a small pool of jobs.
今天這句的a smaller talent pool就是數(shù)量更少的人才,人才減少。其中talent pool的專業(yè)說法即人才池,人才庫。
6. fish in sb/sth的本意是在……中釣魚,引申為在……中搜尋/尋找。fish in the talent pool其實(shí)就是尋找人才,選擇人才。
Fish in也可以說fish from,如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中這句:
In offline dating, with a much smaller pool of men to fish from, straight women are more likely to couple up with men who would not get a look-in online.
在線下約會中,可選男性的數(shù)量要少得多,直女因而更有可能與那些在網(wǎng)上沒機(jī)會被選中的男性牽手。
scour sp for sb/sth也可以表示"(徹底地)搜尋",如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人在形容"校招"的時候就用了這個:scour campuses for recruits。
7. 英語寫作句型:這個話題的相關(guān)英語寫作句型,大家可以借鑒。公考熱!為什么這么多人去考公務(wù)員?| 外刊精讀:
Government positions are not just secure. China’s state control of economic resources has allowed official agencies to offer above-average salaries plus lucrative benefits, ranging from housing allowances to subsidised pension plans.
政府職位不僅穩(wěn)定;中國政府掌控經(jīng)濟(jì)資源,政府機(jī)構(gòu)還能夠提供高于平均工資的薪資,而且還有住房津貼、養(yǎng)老金計劃等豐厚的福利。
At a time of massive job losses, government agencies are the best places to work given the iron rice bowl it provides. /Amid massive job losses, government bodies, known for their long-term employment, are the best places to work.
在大批人員失業(yè)之際,能夠提供"鐵飯碗"的政府機(jī)構(gòu)無疑是找工作的最佳去處。
Government bodies, known for their long-term employment, have become even more appealing.
提供穩(wěn)定工作的政府機(jī)構(gòu)變得格外具有吸引力。
This increase is due in part to a surge in the number of university students entering an intensely competitive market for jobs. It is also thanks to health, pension and housing benefits.
這一增長的部分原因是大學(xué)生求職人數(shù)激增,就業(yè)市場競爭激烈。醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老保險以及住房福利的吸引也是一大原因。
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