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經(jīng)濟學人精讀:塔利班掌權(quán),女性何去何從?

經(jīng)濟學人精讀:塔利班掌權(quán),女性何去何從?_新聞資訊_沈陽翻譯公司_沈陽圣金翻譯有限公司

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政治上宣布恢復"阿富汗伊斯蘭酋長國",并公布了新國旗。我們看經(jīng)濟學人是怎么說的:
The Taliban said they would declare the restoration of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan—the name they gave their regime established in the 1990s, which was swept away by America in 2001, following the September 11th attacks by al-Qaeda, the jihadist group harboured by the Taliban.
塔利班表示,他們將宣布恢復"阿富汗伊斯蘭酋長國",這是他們20世紀90年代建立政權(quán)時使用的國名。2001年,在塔利班庇護的圣戰(zhàn)組織"基地組織"發(fā)動"9·11"事件后,該政權(quán)在美國的打擊下垮臺。
1. 長難句分析:The Taliban said是主謂,they would declare the restoration of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan是said的賓語從句,the name是the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan的補充說明成分,算同位語,they gave their regime established in the 1990s是name的定語從句,可以還原為they gave their regime established in the 1990s the name(給……起名字,翻譯的時候按專業(yè)背景知識翻譯更好),其中established in the 1990s是過去分詞作regime的后置定語。
which was swept away by America in 2001是regime的定語從句,following the September 11th attacks by al-Qaeda是which was swept away by America in 2001的時間狀語,the jihadist group是al-Qaed的同位語,harboured by the Taliban是group的的后置定語。

2. Taliban:"塔利班"(Taliban)是普什圖語"塔里布"(Talib)的復數(shù)形式,意為伊斯蘭宗教學校學生。因此,"塔利班"一詞原本不具有政治含義,直到1994年阿富汗塔利班運動興起并于1996年奪取喀布爾政權(quán)后,"塔利班"這個詞匯才具有了特殊的政治內(nèi)涵,成為了一種伊斯蘭原教旨主義運動組織的代稱。(百度百科)
3. Islamic:美 /?z?l?m?k/伊斯蘭教的,如the Islamic world伊斯蘭世界,Islamic fundamentalism伊斯蘭教原教旨主義。
4. Emirate:美 /?em?r?t/ 酋長國,近義詞sheikhdom。
5. 一詞多義:regime美 /re???i?m/有多個意思,總結(jié)如下:
A. 統(tǒng)治、政權(quán)。如the collapse of the Fascist regime at the end of the war. 戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時法西斯統(tǒng)治的崩潰。The UK has refused to recognize the new regime. 英國已拒絕承認這個新的政權(quán)。
B. 制度、管理方式a method or system of organizing or managing sth組織方法;如Mr Trump’s tariff regime特朗普關(guān)稅制度。還比如牛津詞典上這句:Our tax regime is one of the most favourable in Europe. 我們的稅收管理體制是歐洲最受歡迎的稅收體制之一。
還如《經(jīng)濟學人精讀:996工作,還是"努力工作,盡情玩樂"?| 外刊雙語》上這句:Their beef is the "996" regime, which refers to a work schedule of 9am to 9pm, six days a week, often without extra pay. 他們抱怨的是"996工作制",即朝九晚九,一周工作六天,通常無加班費。
C. 養(yǎng)生法,如柯林斯詞典中這句:He has a new fitness regime to strengthen his back. 他有一套新的健康養(yǎng)生法來加強他的背部力量。

今天這里是A層意思,表示政權(quán)。我們看看背景知識:阿富汗伊斯蘭酋長國(英語:The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan),阿富汗曾用國名,使用時間為1997年10月至2001年。2021年8月19日,塔利班宣布成立"阿富汗伊斯蘭酋長國",并公布"國旗"樣式。(百度百科)
6. 一詞多義:sweep away有多個意思,總結(jié)如下:
A. 表示掃除,如掃除垃圾sweep away the rubbish。
B. 表示清除,破除,相當于remove,如sweep away/remove tariff barriers清除關(guān)稅壁壘。
還比如金融時報上這句:If you ever needed a good reason to sweep away planning restrictions and engineer a housing crash, this is it. 如果你真的曾經(jīng)需要一個好理由來破除規(guī)劃限制,制造房市崩盤,這就是了。
今天這里就是B層意思。
7. following:這個在《經(jīng)濟學人:諾貝爾文學獎得主,有何特別之處?| 外刊雙語》中詳細講過:
Following一般跟時間或事件表示"隨著","自...以來","……后",具體要根據(jù)語境來翻譯。比如2016年高齋翻譯班講過的這個2015年11月CATTI三級筆譯真題:Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. 愛爾蘭獨立戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束,隨后簽署了《英愛條約》,于1922年脫離聯(lián)合王國獲得了獨立。
還比如經(jīng)濟學人中這兩句:Following the suspension of the award last year in the wake of a sexual-abuse scandal, on October 10th the Swedish Academy announced the winners of both the 2018 and 2019 medals. 去年因性侵丑聞,瑞典文學院暫停頒發(fā)諾貝爾文學獎。今年10月10日,文學院宣布了2018年和2019年諾貝爾文學獎得主。
Google and Facebook both weathered notable bumps following their stock-market debuts. 谷歌和Facebook上市后都經(jīng)歷過大風大浪。

還如這段對《哪吒》的介紹:"Ne Zha" fever quickly spread on social media following its release, with the films title soon becoming one of the hottest hashtags on Chinas Twitter-like Weibo on the opening day, accumulating/logging more than 1.5 billion views and around a million posts. 《哪吒》上映后迅速在社交媒體上走紅,上映當天很快成為微博熱門話題,話題閱讀量超15億,相關(guān)帖子約100萬。
8. jihadist:圣戰(zhàn)主義者。jihad是圣戰(zhàn)的意思,wage jihad 就是進行圣戰(zhàn)。
9. 一詞多義:harbour有很多意思,總結(jié)如下:
A. 名詞的意思大家都是熟悉,如珍珠港Pearl Harbor。
B. 動詞表示懷有(尤指反面想法或感情);如MTI翻碩和專八翻譯備考資料張培基散文中這句:我想不到一個小孩的仇恨會是這樣地深!I was surprised that the hatred he harbored against his father should be so deep-seated.
還比如這句:Americans harbor mixed feelings about their own government. 美國人對自己的政府懷有復雜的情感。
C. 動詞表示為……提供住所(或動物棲息地),如經(jīng)濟學人上這句:Nowhere are the stakes higher than in the Amazon basin—and not just because it contains 40% of Earth’s rainforests and harbours 10-15% of the world’s terrestrial species. 亞馬孫流域熱帶雨林面臨的風險最高,不僅是因為它占地球雨林面積的40%,還為世界上10%-15%的陸地物種提供棲息地。
D. 為……提供庇護,今天the jihadist group harboured by the Taliban中剛好就是這個意思。

環(huán)球時報——據(jù)今日俄羅斯電視臺(RT)15日報道,塔利班發(fā)言人蘇海爾·沙欣(Suhail Shaheen)承諾,在塔利班掌權(quán)后,阿富汗女性不會被剝奪工作機會或受教育機會,條件是她們在公共場合要繼續(xù)佩戴遮面頭巾。但事實呢?我們不好斷定,我們看看經(jīng)濟學人上的報道吧(下面部分比較簡單,大概講解下):
The militants have already stopped women from working in other provinces and ordered families to hand over their daughters to be "married" to fighters.
武裝分子已經(jīng)阻止婦女在其他省份工作,并命令一些家庭將女兒"嫁給"武裝分子。
1. hand over:移交,讓出。如《鋼鐵之軀》中這句:Ive been given orders to hand you over to him.
2. be "married" to sb:注意介詞是to,不是with。這里使用了引號,說明是不自愿的。如果是主動,直接是sb marry sb else,如牛津詞典中這句:Youll never marry her ─ shes much too good for you. 你永遠娶不到她——她對你來說高不可攀。
繼續(xù)看經(jīng)濟學人:
In Herat, where 60% of the students at the university were women, they have reportedly already been ordered back to their homes. Female employees have been told to give up their jobs to male relatives. On the education of girls one Taliban commander, interviewed by the BBC, was crystal clear. "Not a single girl has gone to school in our village and our district… the facilities do not exist and we wouldn’t allow it anyway."

在赫拉特,大學里60%的學生是女性,據(jù)報道她們已經(jīng)被命令回到自己的家。女性雇員被告知將工作交給男性親屬。關(guān)于女孩的教育,BBC采訪的一位塔利班指揮官非常清楚地說道:"我們村和我們區(qū)沒有一個女孩上學……沒有教學設(shè)施,我們無論如何都不會允許。"
1. give up their jobs to:是give up sth to sb的用法。give up很常見,如MTI備考資料張培基散文中胡適的《不要拋棄學問》:不要拋棄學問Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning。趁現(xiàn)在年富力強的時候,努力做一種專門學問。少年是一去不復返的,等到精力衰時,要做學問也來不及了。While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.
2. crystal clear:表示十分清楚,如電影《國王的演講》中這句:Prime Minister Baldwin may deny this, but Hitler’s intent is crystal clear.
2001年塔利班垮臺后阿富汗有哪些變化?我們看看經(jīng)濟學人上這段:
When the Taliban withdrew from Kandahar in 2001, one of the most visible signs of change was the sight of girls in school uniform traipsing through the streets. Sahar was one of them: she went on to become a doctor, getting a job at the local hospital. Now in her late 20s, she used to go to work each day in jeans and a long black coat, her fingernails brightly painted.
2001年塔利班從坎大哈撤出時,最明顯的一個變化就是可以看到穿著校服的女孩在街上閑逛。薩哈爾就是其中一位:她后來成為了一名醫(yī)生,在當?shù)蒯t(yī)院找到了一份工作?,F(xiàn)在她已經(jīng)20多歲了,每天上班時她都穿著牛仔褲和黑色長外套,指甲涂得很亮。

1. the sight of girls in school uniform traipsing through the streets:朱自清寫的《背影》翻譯為The Sight of Father’s Back。the sight of sb/sth很常見,表示看見……,如《背影》中這句:到徐州見著父親,看見滿院狼藉的東西,又想起祖母,不禁簌簌地流下眼淚。When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling down my cheeks.
今天這里是the sight of sb doing sth,表示看到某人干某事,如牛津詞典中這句:The sight of her son graduating filled her with pride. 看到兒子畢業(yè)她充滿了自豪。
2. in school uniform:其中in加顏色或衣服,可以表示穿著,如后面的in jeans and a long black coat.
3. traipsing through:美 [tre?ps] 轉(zhuǎn)悠,閑逛。如詞典中這句:She doesnt want security men traipsing round with her every minute of the day. 她不希望保安人員每時每刻都在她身邊轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去。
4. getting a job at the local hospital:是主干的狀語。
5. 語法分析:her fingernails brightly painted是主干的獨立主格,起到補充說明的作用。為了使句式緊湊,沒有單獨使用句子,而是使用了獨立主格,這種大家要學會使用。比如《經(jīng)濟學人精讀 | 洪水肆虐,防汛形勢嚴峻!》中這句:On a spit of land near the riverbank stood a cluster of trees, their trunks half-submerged. 河岸附近的岬角上樹木叢生,樹干的一半淹沒在水中。其中their trunks half-submerged是獨立主格。
很多類似句型,如這句:A staff dormitory just beyond its gates is empty, its entrance sealed with barbed wire. 距離廠門僅一步之遙的員工宿舍已是人去樓空,帶刺鐵絲網(wǎng)封住了入口。

現(xiàn)在,她的生活又有了變化,我們再看看經(jīng)濟學人是怎么說的:
When she visited her colleagues last week, she felt she had to cover up to avoid drawing attention to herself, borrowing her mother’s old white burqa. She struggled to see properly through its mesh panel and the tight fit gave her a headache. "I feel very little and worthless in it when I wear it," says Sahar. "It is really hard for me to accept what others choose for me to wear. But we have no choice other than to obey whoever rules us."
上周,當她去拜訪同事時,她覺得自己不得不罩住自己,以避免引起別人的注意,她借用了母親的白色舊罩袍。透過網(wǎng)眼布她很難看清外面,而且裹得緊緊得讓她頭疼。薩哈爾說:"當我穿上罩袍時,覺得罩袍里面的自己很渺小,很卑微。我真的很難接受別人給我選擇的衣服。但我們別無選擇,誰統(tǒng)治我們,我們就得服從。"
1. borrowing her mother’s old white burqa:是狀語,不是avoid后面的成分。
2. burqa:美 /?b??rk?/布卡(伊斯蘭國家婦女穿的全身式罩袍)。布卡罩袍是一種顯示宗教極端思想派別的服飾,主要為長袍、頭巾加面罩,把女性從頭到腳嚴嚴實實地包裹起來,只露出眼睛。
3. the tight fit:表示貼身的,如The new sweater was a tight fit. 這件新毛衣很貼身。
4. sb have no choice other than to do sth:相當于sb have no choice but to do sth。
5. rule:名詞是規(guī)則,動詞是統(tǒng)治,ruling表示統(tǒng)治的、執(zhí)政的。
當然,生活中還有一些變化,繼續(xù)看經(jīng)濟學人:

many people are assessing which of their possessions could land them in trouble: hiding tvs and deleting music and videos from phones. Some men have started to grow their beards.
許多人正在評估他們的哪些財產(chǎn)可能會給他們帶來麻煩,他們正在隱藏電視,刪除手機上的音樂和視頻。有些男人開始留胡子了。
land them in trouble:land sb in trouble表示讓某人陷入困境。land還可以表示"成功得到,贏得,撈到(尤指許多人想得到的工作)",同義詞是get,find,如:The son of an acquaintance of mine has recently landed a good job on a national newspaper. 我一位熟人的兒子最近在一家全國性報社找到了一份好工作。

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